Library Orientation

Pre-Academic Term – Faculty of Engineering

Intake 2023
 Referencing - Outline
• What is a reference?
• Reasons for referencing?
• Which referencing method?
• Which citation style?
• Where do you start?
• Where to keep references?
• How to quote?
• What are the types of references
 Reasons for referencing?
• To acknowledge your reading materials
• To provide evidence
• To support your arguments
• To formulate theories
• To enable other readers to follow up on your
reading materials
• To enable your reader to evaluate the worth of
the source
• To avoid plagiarism
What is a reference?

A set of data or elements describing a

document, or a part of a document to enable
a potential reader to identify and locate it.
BS1629: 1976 and BS5605: 1990

In-Text Citations

Reference Lists/Bibliographies
 Which citation method?
• Parenthetical Citations:
These citations appear within parentheses in the
text, usually consisting of the author's last name
and the year of publication.

• Numerical in-text Citations:

Each source cited in the text is assigned a unique
number, usually in square brackets, such as [1],
[2], [3], etc.
Parenthetical Citations
Parenthetical Citation vs Narrative Citations
Numerical in-text Citations
 Which citation style?
• Always check the prescribed
method from the department

• Check house styles of

magazines and journals

Where to start?

• Familiarize yourself with the

prescribed method
UoM Referencing Styles
 Reference Lists or Bibliographies

• Alphabetical Order

• Numerical Order
 Alphabetical Order

Citations in the
reference list or
bibliography are
arranged
alphabetically by
the author’s last
name or by the first
significant word of
the citation if no
author is given.
 Numerical Order

Citations are listed

numerically based
on their order of
appearance in the
text.
 Basic Rules of Referencing
Order of Elements | Punctuation |Capitalization
|Typography |Numbers |Abbreviations
Assessment I
 Book Chapter
• APA 7th ed. style

• IEEE style
 Conference Paper
• APA 7th ed. style

• IEEE style
 Journal Article
• APA 7th ed. style

• IEEE style
Citation Management Tools
UoM Referencing Styles
Short Quotations
Long Quotations
Tables
Figures
Photographs