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Vdocument - in - Biol 4120 Principles of Ecology Lecture 18 Ecosystem Ecology Energy in The 568c01f065801
Vdocument - in - Biol 4120 Principles of Ecology Lecture 18 Ecosystem Ecology Energy in The 568c01f065801
Vdocument - in - Biol 4120 Principles of Ecology Lecture 18 Ecosystem Ecology Energy in The 568c01f065801
Forest Ecosystem
Forest is a system composed of autotrophy, heterotrophy, and abiotic
environment, each component processing and exchanging energy
and matter.
1. Great
transport of
nutrient
from bottom
to top
2. Nutrient
from
terrestrial
ecosystems
Endotherms have
low P/A
Invertebrates
have high P/A
Vertebrates:
ectotherms have
intermediate
Energy flow through trophic levels can be
quantified
Energy flow within a
single trophic
compartment
Consumption
efficiency:
In/Pn-1
Ecological
efficiency (food
chain efficiency):
Pn-1/Pn
14/200=7%
18.6 Ecosystems have two major
food chains
Food chain is a flow of energy
Difference
1. Source of
energy for
herbivores
2. Energy flow
direction
3.
interconnected
18.7 Energy decreases in each successive
trophic level
Energy pyramid
M. Imhoff and L. Bounoua (NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center) used
satellite-derived data to estimate the human appropriation of
terrestrial NPP (HANPP)
Mean annual HANPP = 24.2 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) = 20 percent of
terrestrial annual NPP
HANPPWestern Europe/south central Asia = 70 percent
HANPPSouth America = 6 percent
18.8 Energy move through different
ecosystems at different rates
Forests:
NEP: 1%– 2% of the total gross primary production (~2 billion tons)
Consumption
efficiency:
In/Pn-1
Ecological
efficiency (food
chain efficiency):
Pn-1/Pn
14/200=7%