Urbanization of the world’s

• population
URBANIZATION, growth
THE PROCESS BY WHICH LARGE NUMBERS
OF PEOPLE BECOME PERMANENTLY CONCENTRATED IN
RELATIVELY SMALL AREAS, FORMING CITIES.
• REFERS TO THE POPULATION SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN
AREAS, THE CORRESPONDING DECREASE IN THE
PROPORTION OF PEOPLE LIVING IN RURAL AREAS, AND THE
WAYS IN WHICH SOCIETIES ADAPT TO THIS CHANGE. IT IS
PREDOMINANTLY THE PROCESS BY WHICH TOWNS AND
CITIES ARE FORMED AND BECOME LARGER AS MORE PEOPLE
BEGIN LIVING AND WORKING IN CENTRAL AREAS.
 More than half of the world’s population lives in urban
areas. Due to the ongoing urbanisation and growth of the
world’s population, there will be about 2.5 billion more
people added to the urban population by 2050, mainly in
Africa and Asia. The world’s urban areas are highly varied,
but many cities and towns are facing problems such as a
lack of jobs, homelessness and expanding squatter
settlements, inadequate services and infrastructure, poor
health and educational services and high levels of
pollution.
 Population density is the number of individuals of a species per
unit of area or volume at a given time.
 The dispersion pattern of a population describes the arrangement
of individuals within a habitat at a particular point in time, and
broad categories of patterns are used to describe them. The three
dispersion patterns are clumped, random, and uniform
1. Random dispersion. In random dispersion, individuals are
distributed randomly, without a predictable pattern.
2. Clumped dispersion. In a clumped dispersion, individuals are
clustered in groups.
3. Uniform dispersion. In uniform dispersion, individuals of a
population are spaced more or less evenly.
 Population size- is the number of individual organisms in a
population. Population size is directly associated with amount
of genetic drift, and is the underlying cause of effects like
population bottlenecks and the founder effect.
 Population dynamics is concerned with changes in the
density or numbers of organisms and the processes that cause
these changes.