C.

NARRATIVES
INDIVIDUALIZED
D. INSTRUCTION
PREPARING PROJECTS
E.
AND COLLECTIONS
 R AT I V E S
C. N A R
C. NARRATIVES
• Famous narrations made by scientists, inventors, authors,
novelists and historians are sources of significant
information that can be used as part of a teaching
methodology. Recognizing its potential in understanding a
particular concept, invention or a story, its use is now being
tried in teaching the sciences, literature and history.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Consolidates Information
2. Facilitates Recall
3. Develops Accuracy Recognition
4. Promotes Student Engagement
5. Enhances Lesson Interest and Understanding
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

6. Increases Lesson Appeal

7. Creates Coherence
8. Develops Communication Skills
9. Enhances Information Integration
SOURCES OF NARRATIVES
• Autobiographies of scientists
• Life stories of heroes
• Historical accounts
• Research activities and findings
• Break-through in sciences
• Outstanding Achievements
SOURCES OF NARRATIVES
• Compiled anecdotes
• National events celebrated
• Local and national festivals
• Winning literary pieces
• Historical events
• Paper read in conventions
• Stage presentations
STUDENT’S NARRATIVES
• Short stories
• Travels
• Games and recreations
• Diaries
• Simple investigations
• Own inventions
• Artwork
STUDENT’S NARRATIVES
• Readings
• Family activities
• Life with friends
• Educational trips
• Field explorations
• Participation in sports
• Hobbies enjoyed
STUDENT’S NARRATIVES
• Current events
 U A L I Z E D
. IN D I V ID
D I O N
S T R U C T
IN
D. INDIVIDUALIZED INSTRUCTION
• Is a teaching methodology that is to be used for a
specific purpose and an identified client.
• it involves a pre-assessment of an individual’s
background, needs, and interests.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.Individualized learning activities are designed to meet the specific
needs, interests, and abilities of each student.
2. It is crucial to carefully plan these activities to ensure that they
are neither too easy nor too difficult for the student to complete.
3.It is important not to compare the student's performance with that
of others.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
4. The student's progress is based on their intellectual and social
characteristics.
5. The teacher can easily substitute materials or provide alternate
activities since they are only focused on one student.
6. Problems and errors can be quickly identified and addressed.
7. Evaluation is based on individual achievements, providing a
detailed account of each student's progress.
LIMITATIONS
Some difficulties that must be hurdled are:

1. The time and effort in planning and developing instructional

materials to suit individual needs will be greater compared to a
class-centered instruction.
2. Needs assessment will entail considerable time and special skill.
3. Appropriate resource materials may not be available.
SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The student's parent must be informed about the plan since it
will be for their child only.
2. The student must be involved in planning the learning activity,
especially the procedure to be followed.
3. Abundant supply of varied materials must be available so as not
to cause unnecessary snag in their individual choice of activities.
SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
4. Pre-assessment could be undertaken by using the following
tests:
a.) diagnostic tests, b.) interest inventories, and c.) records of
achievement from previous years.

5. Some sources of needed information are:

a.) school health records, b.) parents and family background, and
c.) observations at informal settings.
SUGGESTIONS RECOMMENDATIONS
6. Individual files of student's accomplishments must be kept
available for constant review.
7. Both teacher and student must agree on the criteria to be
considered in evaluating performance.
8. Individualized instruction will work well with other teaching
strategies liking setting up interest learning centers and
independent study.
 PR E PA R IN G
E.
J E C T S A N D
PR O
L E C T IO N S
CO L
E. PREPARING PROJECTS AND
COLLECTIONS
Project
• form of a finished product that is constructed for the purpose
of demonstrating how principle, usually in sciences, works.
Collection
• is an organized way of presenting a variety of objects,
organisms or materials which is classified according to some
common characteristics.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
1. Constructing projects and preparing a collection develop the
students manipulative skill, measurement ability and keen
aesthetic sense.

2. Both techniques bring out their creativity and resourcefulness in

designing and choosing appropriate materials to be used for a neat
and orderly presentation of the finished product.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
3. An evaluation of the completed piece of work, whether it is a
project or a collection could add to the grade in the subject,
especially for those students who might be weak in oral
communication.

4. A completed product could be a source of pride, joy and

satisfaction. It could motivate them to continue collecting or
producing mechanical devices through the years.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
5. In putting up a collection, they gather things in sufficient
number and learn to identify and classify them according to a set
of criteria.

6. After their presentation, they are motivated to take good care

and keep them in exhibit shelves of the school.
INSTRUCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
7. Projects and collections can be used over and over again in
teaching about relevant contents.

8. The students' initiative, industry and sense of responsibility are

developed.
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The students will need background information about the
project they intend to construct.

2. The principle that will be illustrated through the project must be

clearly understood in order to avoid trial-and-error way of putting
objects together and a wrong choice of materials.

3. Encourage them to use locally available objects and materials

instead of expensive ones.
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
4. For their collection, choose insects, flowers and other things
that show a wide variety of forms and are abundant in the locality.
5. Construct projects or present collections after every big unit
rather than requiring them to do it only once at the end of the year.
6. Training and learning from these activities could lead them to
embark on worthwhile hobbies which they can do during their
leisure time. Suggest a number of things worth collecting.
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
7. Emphasize the value of orderliness, neatness and accuracy in
presenting their collections.

8. Reserve space for outstanding projects and rare collections in

the exhibit cabinet of the school.

9. Some members of a collection might need to be preserved and

cleaned thoroughly in order to last for a longer time.
SUGGESTED PROJECTS
1. Weather instruments: improvised anemometer, thermometer,
barometer, wind vane, rain gauge, and a mini weather station
2. Model rockets, spacecrafts, airplane, moon explorations
3. Scaled model of solar system, miniature planets
4. Solar and lunar eclipses
5. Costumes of different countries
6. Combination of simple machines
SUGGESTED COLLECTIONS
1. Mounted insects; butterflies, dragon flies, bees, etc.
2. Pressed flowers, leaves, seeds,
3. Growing plants: Bonsais, cactus, orchids, bromeliads, indoor
plants, anthuriums, bougainvilleas
4. Kinds of rocks, minerals
5. Metallic and nonmetallic elements common compounds
6. Books, pocketbooks, novels, journals, magazines
7. Autobiographies of famous leaders, authorities
SUGGESTED COLLECTIONS
8. Poems, short stories, letters, essays, songs
9. Miniature cars, instructional toys
10. Semiprecious stones, gems
11. Medicinal plants, herbs
12. Photographs of historic places, landmarks
13. Shells, skeletons, corals
14. clippings, news columns, photographs
15. stamps, greetings cards
16. statues, busts of heroes
SUGGESTED COLLECTIONS
17. Souvenirs of places visited
18. Paintings, artwork, ceramics
19. Certificates of awards
20. Trophies
21. Miniatures of heroes in a play
MARA
MING
SALA
MAT