PENGELUARAN AGGREGATE

Model Pengeluaran Aggregat

Asumsi-asumsi dan Simplifikasi
Model-model pengeluaran aggregat
Keseimbangan output dan pendapatan
Multiplier Konsumsi, Investasi, Belanja
Pemerintah, Subsidi, Pajak.
Keseimbangan output vs. Output
fullemployement (Output Gap)
Kurva pengeluaran aggregat
 Tabel pengeluaran aggregat
Kemungki PDB riil Konsum si Tabung Investasi Pengeluar Perubaha Tendensi
nan dan ( C ), an ( I ), an n dalam kesempatan
tingkat Pendapata Milyar ( S ), Milyar aggregat persediaa kerja, output
penganggu n) Milyar (C + I) n yang dan
ran Jutaan PDB = DI Milyar tak pendapatan
terenca
na
(+ or -)
40 370 375 - 5 20 395 - 25 Increase
45 390 390 0 20 410 -20 Increase
50 410 405 5 20 425 - -15 Increase

55 430 420 10 20 440 - 10 Increase

60 450 435 15 20 455 -5 Increase

65 470 450 20 20 470 0 Equilibrium

70 490 465 25 20 485 +5 Decrease

75 510 480 30 20 500 +10 Decrease
80 530 495 35 20 515 + 15 Decrease
85 550 510 40 20 530 + 20 Decrease
Pada private closed economy
Pada perekonomian dengan intervensi pemerintah
Penentuan Pendapatan Keseimbangan pd. Model Perekonomian 4 Sektor
Model Umum : Y = C + I + G + X - M
Dimana :
Fungsi Konsumsi : C = Co + c Yd
Disposable Income : Yd = Y + TR - TX
Investasi Otonom : I = Io
Belanja Pemerintah : G = Go
Tingkat Pajak : T = To + t Y
Transfer Payment : TR = TRo
Ekspor Otonom : X = Xo
Fungsi Impor : M = Mo + mY
Maka :

1
Yeq = -------------------- [Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTRo - cTo]
(1 - c + ct + m)
Cara menurunkan formula

Fungsi Konsumsi : C = Co + c Yd
Disposable Income : Yd = Y + TR - TX
Investasi Otonom : I = Io
Belanja Pemerintah : G = Go
Tingkat Pajak : TX = To + t Y
Transfer Payment : TR = TRo
Ekspor Otonom : X = Xo
Fungsi Impor : M = Mo + mY
Maka :
Y = Co + c Yd + Io + Go + Xo - (Mo + mY)
Y = Co + c (Y + TR - TX) + Io + Go + Xo - (Mo + mY)
Y = Co + c [Y + TR - (To + t Y)] + Io + Go + Xo - (Mo + mY)
Y = Co + c Y + cTR - cTo - ct Y + Io + Go + Xo - Mo - mY
Y - c Y + ct Y + mY = Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTR - cTo
(1 - c + ct + m) Y = Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTR – cTo

1
Yeq = -------------------------- [Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTR - cTo]
Contoh menentukan pendapatan keseimbangan
Fungsi Konsumsi : C = 500 + 0. 8 Yd
Disposable Income : Yd = Y + TR - TX
Investasi Otonom : I = 400
Belanja Pemerintah : G = 400
Tingkat Pajak : TX = 50 + 0.1 Y
Transfer Payment : TR = 50
Ekspor Otonom : X = 100
Fungsi Impor : M = 100 + 0.2 Y

Maka :
Y = Co + c Yd + Io + Go + Xo - (Mo + mY)
Y = Co + c [Y + TR - (To + t Y)] + Io + Go + Xo - (Mo + mY)
Y = Co + c Y + cTR - cTo - ct Y + Io + Go + Xo - Mo - mY
Y - c Y + ct Y + mY = Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTR - cTo
(1 - c + ct + m) Y = Co + Io + Go + Xo - Mo + cTR – cTo

1
Yeq = -------------------------- [500 + 400 + 400 + 100 - 100 + 0.8*50 - 0.8*50]
(1- 0.8 + 0.8*0.1 + 0.2)

Yeq = 1 / ( 0. 48 ) [ 1300 ] = 2.0833 * [ 1300 ] = 1302.0833

 Formula Angka Pengganda Pengeluaran Otonom

• Autonomous Consumption Multipler

• ∆ Y / ∆ Co = 1 / (1 - c + ct + m)

• Autonomous Investment Multiplier

• ∆ Y / ∆ Io = 1 / (1 - c + ct + m)

• Autonomous Government spending Multiplier

• ∆ Y / ∆ Go = 1 / (1 - c + ct + m)

• Autonomous Tax Multipler

• ∆ Y / ∆ To = - c / (1 - c + ct + m)

• Autonomous Transfer-payment Multiplier

• ∆ Y / ∆ TRo = + c / (1 - c + ct + m)