SUBSTANC

E ABUSE
Yamna khan ….fa18-bpy-004
Tasneem Rutaba ….Fa18-bpy-011
WHAT IS
SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
 Use of any substance or constituent more
than an optimum limit of an individual also
in an inappropriate way.
 Alcohol, opioids, cocaine, cannabis,
barbiturates, heroin , marijuana
 anti-depressants , anxiolytics,
anticonvulsants, hypnotics etc.
 Deaths increase from 165000 in 1990 to
307,400 in 2015 (Lancet , 2015)
 SUD
SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER
(SUD)
 Characterized by an array of mental/emotional,
physical, and behavioral problems
 such as chronic guilt; an inability to reduce or stop
consuming the substance despite repeated attempts;
driving while intoxicated; and physiological withdrawal
symptoms.
FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATION
RISK
FACTORS/CAUSES
• Family history of addiction.
• genetic predisposition.
• Mental health disorder.
• Peer pressure. Lack of family
involvement.
• Early use.
• Taking a highly addictive drug
Physical Symptoms

 sudden weight loss or gain

 pupils that are smaller or larger than usual
 bloodshot eyes
 changes in appetite and sleeping patterns
 slurred speech
 impaired coordination or tremors
 deterioration of physical appearance or changes in grooming practices
 runny nose
 unusual odors on breath, body, or clothes
Psychological Symptoms
 feeling paranoid, anxious, or fearful
 unexplained change in personality
 feeling “spaced out”
 lack of motivation
 feeling excessively tired
 periods of excessive energy, mental instability, or restlessness
 Sudden mood changes
 increased agitation or anger
Behavioral Symptoms
 Acting in a secretive or suspicious way
 Relationship issues
 neglecting family, friendships and work
 getting into legal trouble
 suddenly changing hobbies, friends, or activities
 Stealing or borrowing
 Thinking how to get more
 continuing to use despite negative health consequences
EFFECTS ON HEALTH
 Short-term effects
• changes in appetite.
• sleeplessness or insomnia.
• increased heart rate.
• slurred speech.
• changes in cognitive ability.
• a temporary sense of euphoria.
• loss of coordination.
Long -term effects
 Seizure, stroke, mental confusion brain
damage
 Memory, attention and decision-making
 Global effects of drugs on the body, such as
breast development in men
 increases in body temperature
PERCEPTION OF SUBSTANCE
ABUSE IN PAKISTAN
 Peer pressure (87%)
 Academic stress (96%)
 Hostel (77%)
 Curiosity (88%)
 Sleep (34%)
 Discourage a friend who takes drug (54%)
 (Shafiq et.al, 2006)
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
 Leads to causes of prevelent diseases
 Early death rates
 Stroke (illicit drug use)
 Cardiovascular diseases (stimulants and
opioid drugs)
 HIV/AIDS (intoxication)
INTERNATIONAL DAY
AGAINST SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 ROLE OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGIST
IN SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 Rehabilitation Centers
 A health psychologist can use following approaches:
 Brief Intervention
 Recognition of Other Risk Factors
 highlight the importance of person-centered care and shared decision-making
 Psychoeducation
 Recreational Facilities
 Use of CBT
 Relapse Prevention
TESTS USED FOR SCREENING
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
 Alcohol, Smoking and Substance
Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)
 Co-occurring Disorder Screening
Instrument (CODSI)
 Addiction Severity Index (ASI)
SOME FACTS
 Alcohol is the most used drug. ...
 Prescription drugs kill more people than illegal drugs.
 Heroin used to be legal—and was marketed as a
cough suppressant.
 Coca leaves are used as herbal medicine.
 Death rate wise opioids are major cause,
amphetamine at second no, cocaine is 3rd,
 Animals (probably) do drugs too….
 Wallabies on opium
 Elephants on acid
 Monkeys on marijuana
ANY QUESTION?