TH E M ODE R NIZ AT I ON

THEORY
WHAT IS MODERNIZATION

• MODERNIZATION REFERS TO THE PROCESS OF ADOPTING MODERN TECHNOLOGIES, SYSTEMS, AND

PRACTICES IN ORDER TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY, PRODUCTIVITY, AND OVERALL PROGRESS IN VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF SOCIETY, SUCH AS ECONOMY, POLITICS, INFRASTRUCTURE, AND SOCIAL NORMS. IT OFTEN
INVOLVES TRANSITIONING FROM TRADITIONAL METHODS TO MORE ADVANCED AND INNOVATIVE
APPROACHES IN ORDER TO KEEP UP WITH THE CHANGING WORLD AND MEET THE NEEDS AND
EXPECTATIONS OF A CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY.
FATHER OF MODERNIZATION

• MODERNIZATION THEORY FINDS ITS ORIGIN IN THE IDEAS OF MAX WEBER, THE GERMAN SOCIOLOGIST
WHO DISCUSSED THE ROLE OF IRRATIONALITY AND RATIONALITY IN A TRADITIONAL SOCIETY’S
TRANSITION INTO A MODERN SOCIETY (MAYHEW, 1985, DIBUA, 2006).
FIVE STAGES OF MODERNIZATION
THE SEQUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT THAT ROSTOW OUTLINES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING FIVE STAGES:

TRADITIONAL SOCIETY.

PRECONDITIONS FOR CHANGE.

TAKE-OFF.

DRIVE TO MATURITY.

• MASS CONSUMPTION.
MODERNIZATION THEORY OF WOMEN
MODERNISATION THEORY BLAMES INTERNAL CULTURAL FACTORS FOR WOMEN’S SUBORDINATION IN THE
DEVELOPING WORLD. IT IS ARGUED THAT SOME TRADITIONAL CULTURES, AND ESPECIALLY THE RELIGIOUS
IDEAS THAT UNDERPIN THE VALUES, NORMS, INSTITUTIONS AND CUSTOMS OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD,
ASCRIBE STATUS ON THE BASIS OF GENDER.
ADVANTAGES OF MODERNIZATION

• PROVIDE SCOPE TO EARN MONEY

• GROWTH IN POLITICAL POWER
• EASIER WAYS IN COMMUNICATION
• ADOPT SMOOTH AND ADVANCE LIFESTYLE
DISADVANTAGES OF MODERNIZATION

• FORCE TO GET EXTRA MONEY FROM OTHER SOURCES

• LOSING SELF KNOWLEDGE
• NO LIMIT IN TIME
• FORGETTING ORIGINAL HUMAN CULTURE AND LIFESTYLE
IMPACT ON MODERNIZATION
1. ECONOMIC GROWTH: MODERNIZATION OFTEN LEADS TO INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY, EFFICIENCY, AND INNOVATION, WHICH CAN DRIVE
ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. IT CAN CREATE NEW INDUSTRIES, GENERATE EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ATTRACT
FOREIGN INVESTMENT, AND IMPROVE LIVING STANDARDS
2. .2. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS: MODERNIZATION FOSTERS THE ADOPTION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES, WHICH CAN IMPROVE
VARIOUS SECTORS SUCH AS HEALTHCARE, MANUFACTURING, COMMUNICATION, AND TRANSPORTATION. THESE ADVANCEMENTS CAN
ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY, IMPROVE QUALITY OF LIFE, AND PROVIDE NEW SOLUTIONS TO SOCIETAL CHALLENGES.
3. 3. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT: MODERNIZATION OFTEN INVOLVES THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INFRASTRUCTURE, INCLUDING
ROADS, BRIDGES, AIRPORTS, SEAPORTS, AND UTILITIES. THIS IMPROVES CONNECTIVITY, FACILITATES TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION,
AND CREATES A FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH.
4. 4. SOCIAL CHANGE: MODERNIZATION CAN LEAD TO CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURES, NORMS, AND VALUES. IT CAN IMPACT
TRADITIONAL ROLES AND HIERARCHIES, PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY, FACILITATE CULTURAL EXCHANGE, AND ENCOURAGE
INDIVIDUALISM AND DIVERSITY.
5. 5. EDUCATION AND KNOWLEDGE: MODERNIZATION USUALLY LEADS TO IMPROVEMENTS IN EDUCATION SYSTEMS, ACCESS TO
INFORMATION, AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING. IT EQUIPS INDIVIDUALS WITH THE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE THEY NEED TO THRIVE IN A
RAPIDLY CHANGING WORLD, FOSTERING PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.
TYPES OF MODERNIZATION
• DEMOGRAPHIC
• CULTURAL
• SOCIAL
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
• POLITICAL DIMENSIONS AND ECONOMIC
WHO INTRODUCED MODERNIZATION IN INDIA
• HISTORICALLY, MODERNIZATION IN INDIA STARTED FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH RULE AND
HAD CONTINUED EVEN AFTER THE INDEPENDENCE. THE NATURE AND DIRECTION OF MODERNIZATION DURING
THESE TWO PHASES HAVE BEEN DIFFERENT.MODERNIZATION CAN BE GLIMPSED THROUGH BOTH
STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIAN SOCIETY AND CULTURAL CHANGES. IT IS SAFE TO SAY THAT THE
PROCESS BEGAN AS A RESULT OF COLONIZATION, WHEN THERE WAS A DIRECT ENCOUNTER OF INDIA’S
TRADITIONAL SOCIETY WITH THE MODERNIZING WEST.OF COURSE, WE MAY RECALL THAT GANDHI AND
NEHRU, THE TWO ARCHITECTS OF THE MODERNIZATION DISCOURSE AND MODERN INDIA, HAD DIFFERENCES
IN THEIR PERCEPTION OF WHAT A FUTURE INDIAN MODEL OF MODERNIZATION SHOULD BE LIKE, EVEN THOUGH
BOTH WERE AWARE OF THE NEED FOR SYNERGY AND ACCOMMODATION BETWEEN THEIR TWO WORLDVIEWS.
WHY MODERNIZATION IS IMPORTANT
• MODERNIZATION HAS LED TO INDUSTRIALIZATION WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ECONOMIC
GROWTH OPENING THE DOOR FOR ENGAGING IN VARIOUS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES BY MAKING USE OF TOOLS
AND TECHNOLOGIESSOME OTHER AREAS EXPERIENCING MODERNIZING TRENDS WERE INDUSTRIALIZATION,
URBANIZATION, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION, ARMY AND THE EMERGENCE OF INDUSTRIAL WORKING
CLASS AND SO FORTH. THE EMERGENCE AND GROWTH OF A NATIONALIST POLITICAL LEADERSHIP WAS ALSO
THE RESULT OF GROWING MODERNIZATION OF INDIAN SOCIETYYOU HURT THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE
WHEN YOU TIE YOUR BUSINESS OPERATIONS TO A LEGACY SYSTEM. BY MODERNIZING, YOU ENABLE NEW
SERVICES AND PROCESSES. YOUR BUSINESS CAN TRANSFORM ITS FRONT-END USER INTERFACES, CREATE
NEW FEATURES, AUTOMATE PREVIOUSLY MANUAL PROCESSES, AND EVEN LAUNCH NEW SERVICE OFFERINGS.
SIGNS OF MODERNIZATION

• ACCORDING TO ANTHONY GIDDENS, THREE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNITY ARE:

INDUSTRIALISATION, CAPITALISM (PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES, USING WAGE LABOUR FOR THE
COMPETITIVE MARKET) AND SURVEILLANCE (CAPACITY OF STATE AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS TO
CONTROL INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS).
WHAT IS ROLE OF MODERNIZATION IN SOCISOCIETY
• MODERNIZATION LED TO STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AS WELL AS CULTURAL SPHERES
OF SOCIETY. THE COLONIAL RULE IN INDIA CONTRIBUTED TO THE ESTABLISHMENT AND GROWTH OF THE MODERN
BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE, FOLLOWING A ‘BASIC RATIONAL FRAMEWORK’, TO EMPLOY CIVIL SERVANTS INTO
DIFFERENT RANKSAS SOCIETIES MODERNIZE, THE INDIVIDUAL BECOMES INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT, GRADUALLY
REPLACING THE FAMILY, COMMUNITY, OR OCCUPATIONAL GROUP AS THE BASIC UNIT OF SOCIETY. DIVISION OF
LABOUR, CHARACTERISTIC OF INDUSTRIALIZATION, IS ALSO APPLIED TO INSTITUTIONS, WHICH BECOME MORE
HIGHLY SPECIALIZED.IT WAS ESSENTIALLY PRE-MODERN IN NATURE. ONE TRADITIONAL INSTITUTION WAS JUST
REPLACED BY THE OTHER AND NO BASIC STRUCTURAL CHANGE TOOK PLACE IN SOCIAL SYSTEM AND CULTURE.
HISTORICALLY, MODERNIZATION IN INDIA STARTED FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH RULE AND HAD
CONTINUED EVEN AFTER THE INDEPENDENCE.
THANK YOU
ME :V.JONAT HAN OL IV E R D AVID
NA
CLASS:’11’ C