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DeclarationofHelsinki Unit V RMMRM301T
DeclarationofHelsinki Unit V RMMRM301T
DeclarationofHelsinki Unit V RMMRM301T
As physician’s (investigator) duty in research is to protect the life, health, privacy and dignity of human
participant oversight by Institutional Review Board (IRB); Research Ethical Committee (REC) or Ethical
Review Board (ERB).
Declaration of Helsinki was followed by Nuremberg code (because of nazii experiments) and
Thalidomide disaster {which was a pharmacovigilance failure; where pregnant women’s morning
sickness was tried to overcome by drug that lead to delivery of babies without limbs (phocomelia)}.
9 Amendments in 1975, 1983, 1989, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2008, 2013.
Prior to 1947 Nuremberg code only specific countries has National policies. (Germany Russia)
Declaration of Geneva (1948) - the WMA binds the physician with the words. "The health of my patient
First Principle – Objective of study is to outweigh risk. If risk is more either modify or stop the study
along with every thing must be monitored, assessed, documented with minimum risk.
Second Principle – If vulnerable groups (pregnancy, sensitive, children, elderly, psychological issues) are
involved then increase chance additional harm protection must be provided along with consent even with
minors
Third Principle - Before human study, scientific literature, lab and animal experiments is must to be
read; statements like regarding funding, sponsors, institutional afflation's, potential conflict of interest
must be submitted; research involving humans must confirm to generally accepted scientific principles
and through knowledge of scientific literature and methods; literature review and animal experiments
must be prior to human research.
PRINCIPLE
Four Principle (Research Ethical Committee) – Before study, design to conduct the experiment must be
given to the National and International Ethical norms. Research submission about the final report with
study finding and conclusion in end of the study; research protocol must be reviewed by an independent
committee and conduct by medically/ scientifically qualified individuals; main aim is the participant
health, introduction to ethical committee, responsibility to check again and again, increase revolutionary
decision. If not done they have a reason to stop/ declare invalid.
Five Principle (Privacy and Confidentiality) – Human subject and information must be private. Dignity,
privacy, confidentiality, participant’s physical/ mental integrity and life of participants should be
protected.
PRINCIPLE
Six Principle (Informed Consent) – It is a written consent about the experiment that has to be conducted
by the volunteer independently after knowing about research and It must have aim, method, conflict of
interest, function, general outcome of study, voluntary , legally authorative represerntative.
Seven Principle (Results) – Investigators are obliged to preserve the accuracy of results, negative and
Eight Principle (Use of Placebo) – Intervention should be given (+) impact. CARE- avoid abuse of this
option.
Nine Priciple (Post trail Provision) – Explain human subjects and provide help.
Ten Principle (Unproven intervention in clinical practice) – Evaluate the efficacy and safety; new
When medical research is combined with medical care, additional standards apply to protect the patients
The benefits, risks, burdens and effectiveness of a new method should be tested against those of the best
current prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic methods. This does not exclude the use of placebo, or no
treatment, in studies where no proven prophylactic, diagnostic or theraptic method exists.
At the conclusion of the study, every patient entered into the study should be assured of access to the best
The physician should fully inform the patient which aspects of the care are related to the research. The
refusal of a patient to participate in a study must never interfere with the patient-physician relationship.
In the treatment of a patient, where proven prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic methods do not exist
or have been ineffective, the physician, with informed consent from the patient, must be free to use
unproven or new prophylactic, diagnostic and therapeutic measures, if in the physician's judgment it
offers hope of saving life, reestablishing health or alleviating suffering. Where possible, these measures
should be made the object of research, designed to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In all cases, new
information should be recorded and, where appropriate, published. The other relevant guidelines of this
Declaration should be followed.