SOAP DRYING SYSTEM

Lecturer: Đinh Thị Lan Anh

Group 12:
Trần Minh Thành 20202772
Nguyễn Anh Tú 20202800
Lại Nguyễn Đức Giang 20202742
Ngô Huy Kiệt 20202754
 CONTENT
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM
1. OVERALL
2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM
3. HARDWARE
II. HEAT EXCHANGER
4. INTRODUCTION
5. MAIN PART OF HEAT EXCHANGER
6. CLASSIFICATION
III. References

2
 I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

1. OVERALL
a) Process
To make soap, there are 2 main processes:
• Saponification ( Input: raw ingredient like … , output: Liquid base
soap or neat soap)
• Soap drying( Input: Liquid base soap or neat soap , output: soap
pellets)
Additionally, there are some sub-process like : evaluation, packing,…
Liquid base soap
Raw ingredient or neat soap Soap pellets
Saponification Soap drying
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

1. OVERALL
b) Product
There are many types of soap products: Toilet soap, Special soap, Laundry soap ,
depending on the value of moisture content (MC)
Toilet soap 12–15% MC
Special soap 16–22% MC
Laundry soap 22–30% MC
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

1. OVERALL
b) Product
There are many types of soap products: Toilet soap, Special soap, Laundry soap ,
depending on the value of moisture content (MC)
Toilet soap 12–15% MC
Special soap 16–22% MC
Laundry soap 22–30% MC

Toilet soap product

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

a) Details
Toilet soap product
Input of process: neat soap (which has normally 22-31% from a
saponification reactor or 29–34% from a storage tank)
Output of process: Toilet soap with 12–15% MC.
Disturbance of process: steam, dust.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

2. DETAILS AND P&ID DIAGRAM

b) P&ID

Toilet soap vacuum dryer with vapor liquid separator (VLS)

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
a) Structure

PFD diagram
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Filtration Pumps and Filters:
+ Filtration Pumps (Hollow disc type filtration pumps)

Drilled plate with 2 mm diameter holes, covered with 30–50 wire mesh screen
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component

- Filtration Pumps and Filters:

+Filters (basket filters with drilled

steel-plate filtering equipment)

+Dual filters option: A fast

changeover filter is installed for
continuous operations

+Bag filter is recommended to deal

with polyethylene contamination
from fats packaging Bag filter
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Feed Pumps:
+ Lobe Pumps

Most widely used, limit the rotating velocity to 200 rpm

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Feed Pumps:
+ Mono Screw Pump

Excellent flow and pressure stability, high maintenance

cost, low rotation speed, such as 50 rpm maximum
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Heat Exchangers:
+ Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

The optimum tube sizes

used are 10 mm ID/12 mm
ID or 12 mm ID/14 mm ID.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Heat Exchangers:
+ Plate and Frame:
High heat transfer rate, compact size

Cost more per square meter of heat transfer area

I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vapor–Liquid Separators:
A vertical static vessel operating under a
pressure of 1–2 bar (100,000-200,000 pascal)
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Chambers:
+ Rotating-nozzle Vacuum Chambers
Most widely used, traditional device leads to
some carryover of fines stuck in the scrapers.
 I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Chambers:
+ Nonrotating Spray Nozzle Vacuum Chambers:

• Innovative system: Significant reduction of

fines formation thanks to the absence of a
spraying nozzle
=> Reduction of the vacuum chamber’s
dimensions and simplification of the rotating
components
 I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Soap Fines Recovery
Systems:
+Dual Cyclone:
• The traditional system,
commonly used today
even for large dryers
with capacities of 8–10
tons/h
• Disadvantage: high
investment and
installation costs and
difficult cleaning.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Producing Systems:
+ Vapor Condensation Equipment:
• Barometric Condensers:
Condense the vapors by direct contact
with the cooling water.
The condensed vapors, the cooling
water used for condensation, and the
soap fines are discharged together
into a hot well.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Producing Systems:
+ Vapor Condensation Equipment:
• Surface Condensers:
The cooling water does not contact the
process side
=>The cooling water is not contaminated
=> The vapors that carry final traces of
soap fines are discharged into the hot
well and the clean water is recycled.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Formation Systems:
+ Vacuum Pumps:
• Mechanical piston pumps:

Used extensively years ago, are

practically abandoned today
due to their high cost
 I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Producing Systems:
+ Indirect Cooling Water System:

Using barometric condenser but also

avoiding contamination of the cooling
tower like Surface Condensers.
Lower investment and installation cost
and less frequent cleaning.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Formation Systems:
+ Vacuum Pumps:
• Liquid ring pumps:
They are available on the market as a
skid-mounted complete group.
Alternative method for Mechanical
piston pumps.
I. SOAP DRYING SYSTEM:

3. HARDWARE:
b) Component
- Vacuum Formation Systems:
+ Vacuum Pumps:
• Steam Jet Ejectors (Boosters):

In some plants, steam ejectors are used to

replace the liquid ring vacuum pumps.
Steam ejectors are cheaper and require
virtually no maintenance.
Operational costs (motive steam) are higher.
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

1. INTRODUCTION
a) Definition

A heat exchanger is used for

transferring heat from one medium
to another (liquid, vapor, or gas).
Used in both situations where
cooling or heating is required.
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

1. INTRODUCTION
b) Operation
During operation, the hot fluid releases heat as it flows through its pathway,
and this heat is transferred to the walls of the heat exchanger.
The walls then conduct the heat to the cold fluid pathway, where the cold fluid
absorbs the heat and increases in temperature.
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

2. MAIN PART OF HEAT EXCHANGER

II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
a) Flow arrangement
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
b) Construction type
- Pipe-in-pipe heat exchanger

Consisting of two pipes with different diameters inserted one into the
other.
The flow inside the two-pipe heat exchangers can be parallel or counter-
current (towards each other)
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
b) Construction type
- Shell and Tube
heat exchanger

Includes a tubular tank

and an integrated tubing
section.

Used as evaporators and

condensers.
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
b) Construction type

- Plate heat exchanger

Consisting of a large number
of corrugated plates made
of stainless steel. They are
separated by seals.

Gaskets flow is counter-

current
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
b) Construction type

- Spiral plate heat exchanger:

+ It is made of two metal plates that

are wound on each other.
II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION
b) Construction type
- Spiral tube heat exchanger:

+It is made of spiral pipes.

 II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION

Advantages Disadvantages Application

Pipe-in-pipe + High flow rate of the coolant. + Dimensions. Food industry

heat + Ease of maintenance. + High cost.
exchanger + Versatility. + Difficulties in the design

Shell and + Internal reliability. + Large dimensions. In the chemical,

Tube heat + Possibility of power + Vulnerability of the food, oil and
exchanger regulation. outer part of the case. gas and other
+ Long service life. + Low efficiency fields.
 II. HEAT EXCHANGER:

3. CLASSIFICATION

Advantages Disadvantages Application

Plate heat + High efficiency. + Short service life. Housing and

exchanger + Compactness. public utilities,
+ Multifunctionality. shipbuilding,
and so on.

Spiral plate + Ability to work with two highly + A limited number of Agricultural
heat polluting liquids. manufacturers. industry
exchanger + Counterflow + More expensive than
+ Very low pressure drop. other types

Spiral tube + Compact and inexpensive heat + a limited number of These heat
heat exchanger requiring low power. manufacturers exchangers are
exchanger + Can withstand high pressures mainly used for
small capacities.
 ,
,
III. References: ,
,

[1]Luis Spitz, Roberto Ferrari, “Soap Manufacturing Technology (Second Edition)” .

In :2016, 133-166. DOI:10.1016/B978-1-63067-065-8.50007-4
[2] https
://www.mechstudies.com/heat-exchangers-definition-parts-types/?expand_article=1
[3] John E. Hessel greaves, Richard Law and David A. Reay,” Compact Heat Exchangers Heat
Exchanger Types and Classification (Second Edition)”.
[4] Lobe Pump: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ca-rXDqMMo
[5] Mono screw pump: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xl4lMVzRoc&t=29s
[6] Shell-and-Tube heat exchanger: : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXUeBTvpa94
[7] Plate-and-Frame Heat exchanger: https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=umYHyk51SQo&t=63s
[8] Dual Cyclone: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1swI0MYQrUU
[9] Mechanical piston pumps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H5Kg-RzKSjM
[10] Liquid ring pumps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GENq9Ft222Q
[11] Steam Jet Ejectors (Boosters): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-1MrAABFIA
THANK YOU !

43