AIR

POLLUTION
Final Term :Lesson 3
Learning Outcome

• Define air pollution.

• Identify the factors that causes air pollution.
• Discuss how the growing human population
influence the pressing problems caused by
air
pollution.
Introduction
• Air is essential for life itself.
• It constitute immediate physical environment of
living organism.
• The atmosphere is layered into four which are
troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.
Lowest layer of the atmosphere

You live here

Weather occurs here

Thinnest layer
Contains almost all the mass of the
Troposphere
atmosphere
16km thick at equator and less than
9km thick at poles
Cloud of ice
 Second layer of the atmosphere

Strato means layers or spread out

Stratosphere Ozone layer is here

Jet often fly here because it is often calm

Reaches from troposphere almost 50km

above surface of the Earth
 Third layer

Meso means middle

Mesosphere Reaches from 50km to 80km above

Earth’s surface

Protects Earth’s surface from being hit by

meteoroids

Meteoroids leaves behind in the

mesosphere
 Outermost layer

Thermo means heat

Thermosphere
Thickest layer

Reaches from 80km above the Earth’s Surface

into outer space. No definite outer limit
 Nitrogen -78.1%

Oxygen -20.9 %

Normal
Carbon dioxide 0.03%
Components of
atmosphere Others-0.07%

• noble gas
• methane
• sulfur dioxide
 • Air pollution
consists of gases,
liquids, or solids
present in the
atmosphere in high
What is air enough levels to
harm humans and
pollution? other organisms or
material
 • Any atmospheric
condition in which certain
Air substances are present in
such concentration that
pollution they can produce
undesirable effect on man
and his environment.
 Air pollutants maybe either into the
atmosphere or formed within the
atmosphere itself

Air Primary air pollutants emitted directly

pollutants from the source.

Secondary air pollutants not directly

emitted but forms when primary pollutants
react in the atmosphere.
 Automobiles

Sources of Industries

air Domestic waste

pollution Tobacco smoke

Others( burning, pesticide spraying and

natural sources)
 Carbon monoxide

Sulfur Dioxide
5 Major Nitrogen dioxide
Pollutants
Particulate Matter

Ground level Ozone

 It is colorless, odorless gas , a
product of incomplete
combustion of carbon.

Carbon EFFECT of CO on health

Dioxide
Reducing oxygen delivery to
body organ
Sulphur Dioxide

One of the several forms in which sulphur exist in air.

Results from combustion of sulphur containing fossil fuel.

Domestic fires can produce emission Effect of SO2 on health

containing sulphur dioxide

cause respiratory problems such as bronchitis, and can irritate your nose, throat and lungs.
Nitrogen dioxide

• Secondary pollutant created by oxidation of

nitrogen oxide
Under the condition of sunlight
• can decrease the lungs' defences against
bacteria making them more susceptible to
infections.
 Represent a complex mixture or
organic and inorganic substances

Maybe emitted from number of sources

Particulate
matter Effect of PM on health
• May include cardiovascular effects such as
cardiac arrhythmias and heart attacks, and
respiratory effects such as asthma attacks and
bronchitis.
 Formed when pollutants
react in sunlight.
Ground
Level High levels can cause
Ozone breathing problems,
reduce lung function.
 Grit and dust
measurement
Monitoring Coefficient of haze
Air pollution
Air quality index
Types of
Indoor air pollution (domestic
level)

air
pollution Outdoor pollution
Ways to control air pollution