COLLECTION OF

DATA
 In statistics, data are units of
information, often numeric, that are
collected through observation.
 Data are a set of values of qualitative or
quantitative variables about one or more
persons or objects.
 Datum (singular of data) is a single value
of a single variable.
Process of Statistical Inquiry or
Investigation includes the following steps:
Step 1: Examine the problem which may be solve
using data. Pose a correct question.
Step 2: Collect data.
Step 3: Organize data.
Step 4: Summarize and display the data.
Step 5: Analyze the data and make a conclusion.
Step 6: Write a comprehensive report.
Ways in Collecting Data:
1. Census- it is collecting data in every individual in a
whole population. The individual may be people or
object. A census is detailed and accurate but it is
expensive, time consuming, and often impractical.
2. Sample- it is collecting data in a part of the
population. A sample is cheaper and quicker than
census but it is not detailed or as accurate. Conclusion
drawn from sample always involves some errors.
Example: There are 500 grade 7
students in your school.
You can ask everyone (all 500) what her/his
age is.
[That is a census]
You could just choose the students (say 50 or
100 students) who attended the flag
ceremony.
[ That is a sample]
Other Methods in Collecting Data:
1. Written Questionnaire- list of questions that the
respondents may answer by checking one or more
categories or by supplying written responses.
2. Interview- where answers are given verbally and
the person who ask the questions record the
answers.
3. Log or Diary- a person records the information at
regular interval.
Example:
Instruction: Using a tape measure or meter stick, measure the individual height of
your family member (atleast3-5 members). Use the cm unit of length. Round off to
the nearest cm if needed. Write their individual measures on your answer sheet.
Gathered data:
Papa Cardo: 170 cm Ate Carla: 160 cm
Mama Aliana: 165 cm Ramon: 170 cm
Questions:
1. What are these numbers represent?
The numbered that I gathered were the individual height of my family.
2. What is the most common measure of members height?
The most common measure of my family’s height is 170 cm, which is Ramon
and Papa Cardo’s height.
ORGANIZATION OF
DATA
 Let us consider the score of 20 students who took
their quiz.
11, 8, 10, 9, 13, 11, 7, 14, 8, 12, 14, 13, 7, 8, 9, 10, 8,
8, 13, 10
 In organizing data in a frequency distribution
table you need to follow the following steps:
Steps for Ungrouped Data:
1. Construct a table with three columns. Then in the
first column, write down all the data values in
ascending order.
2. To complete the second column, go through the
list of data values and place one tally mark at the
appropriate place in the second column for every
data value. When the fifth tally is reached for a mark,
draw a horizontal line through the first four tally
marks. We continue this process until all data values
in the list are tallied.
3. Count the number of tally marks for each data
value and write it in the third column.
 When the set of data are spread out, it is difficult to set up a
frequency table for every data as there will be too many rows in the
table. So we group the data into class intervals. To find the class
intervals we need to determine the range, number of classes, and
class width.
 The table formed above is called a frequency table.
 A frequency table shows a clear and definite
information about a set of data.
 With the frequency table we can easily know which
class has the lowest frequency.
 The data represented by table where the tally marks
are dropped are called group data. Hence, we can call
it a grouped frequency distribution.
Construct a frequency table with the given set of
data:
39, 40, 42, 34, 25, 41, 25, 25, 39, 50, 45, 45, 39,
50, 45, 35, 35, 25, 34, 41

Range = highest value - lowest value

= 50 - 25
= 25
Activity:
Direction: The following list shows the number of pets in each of 40 families.
Construct a frequency table for the data.
3, 1, 3, 2, 0, 2, 2, 0, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 0, 1, 0,
2, 4, 1, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, ,0, 1, 0, 3, 2, 4, 0, 2, 3, 1
Number of Pets Tally Frequency
0
1
2
3
4
Total

1. What is the lowest score?

2. What is the highest score?
3. Complete the table.
THANK YOU,
I HOPE YOU
LEARN.