NATIONAL GRID AND

REGIONAL GRID
NAME : DEEPANSHI GAUTAM
ROLL NO : 10822407
BRANCH : ELECTRICAL
SEMESTER : 4
National Grid :
The national grid refers to a system of interconnected power lines and
infrastructure that facilitates the transmission and distribution of electricity
across a country or region. It ensures reliable and efficient delivery of electricity
from power plants to homes, businesses, and other consumers.
Why national grid are important ?
National grids ensure a reliable electricity supply.
Distribution from multiple sources.
Transmission over long distances.
National grids improve efficiency in electricity transmission.
National grids offer flexibility in energy sources.
National grids support economic growth.
National grids evolve with technology.
System which are necessary to national grid
:
Generation system.
Transmission system.
 Grid management system.
(i) Substation.
(ii) Control system.
1. Generation system :
The national grid’s power generation system comprises various sources like coal, natural
gas, nuclear, renewables, and hydroelectricity. Transmission infrastructure distributes
electricity to consumers. Integration of renewables, grid modernization, and
environmental concerns drive system development. It ensures reliable electricity supply.
2. Transmission system :
The transmission system in the national grid comprises high-voltage power lines,
substations, transformers, and control systems. It transports electricity from power
plants to distribution centres and consumers over long distances. Substations adjust
voltage levels for efficient transmission and distribution. Control and protection
systems monitor and manage the flow of electricity, ensuring system stability and
reliability.
3. Grid management :
• Substation :
At the substation level in the national grid, grid management involves voltage
regulation, transformer maintenance, load balancing, fault detection, and grid
monitoring. These efforts are essential for ensuring efficient and reliable electricity
distribution, as well as maintaining the safety and security of the substation
infrastructure.
• Control system :
At the control system level in the national grid, management involves real-time
monitoring, automation, load forecasting, grid optimization, emergency response, and
cybersecurity measures. These efforts ensure efficient operation, grid stability,
reliability, and resilience, facilitating the integration of renewable energy and
accommodating future grid developments.
Regional Grid :
A regional grid is a localized part of the national grid, connecting transmission and distribution
networks within a specific geographic area. It facilitates efficient electricity exchange between
regions, optimizing supply, enhancing reliability, and supporting economic development by
accessing diverse energy sources and utilizing generation resources effectively.
Why regional grid are important ?
Regional grids are important because :
They optimize resource utilization.
Inhance reliability through interconnected systems.
Provide access to diverse energy sources
Support economic development.
Facilitate infrastructure expansion to meet growing demand.
System which are necessary for regional
grid :
Generation system.
Transmission lines.
Substation.
Transformer.
Control centre.
Distribution network.
1. Generation system :
The generation system in a regional grid consists of various power plants that
produce electricity to meet the demand within a specific geographic area. This
includes conventional sources like coal, natural gas, and nuclear, as well as
renewable sources such as hydroelectric, wind, solar, and biomass. The mix of
generation sources may vary based on factors like resource availability,
environmental considerations, and regional energy policies.
2. Transmission lines :
Transmission lines in a regional grid transport electricity from power plants to
substations and distribution networks within a specific geographic area. These high-
voltage lines ensure reliable supply to homes, businesses, and industries, utilizing
transformers and switchgear to maintain voltage levels and manage electricity flow
efficiently.
3. Substation :
Substations in a regional grid regulate voltage, manage electricity flow, and
distribute power to consumers within a specific geographic area. They serve as key
infrastructure points connecting transmission lines to distribution networks,
ensuring reliable and efficient electricity supply to homes, businesses, and
industries.
4. Transformer :
Transformers in a regional grid are vital components that adjust voltage levels to
facilitate efficient electricity transmission and distribution. They step up voltage for
long-distance transmission from power plants to substations and step down voltage
for local distribution to consumers. Transformers ensure reliable and stable
electricity supply within the region.
5. Control centre :
The control centre in a regional grid serves as the central hub for monitoring,
managing, and controlling electricity flow within a specific geographic area. It
coordinates the operation of generation, transmission, and distribution assets to
ensure reliable and efficient electricity supply to consumers.
6. Distribution network :
The distribution network in a regional grid is the infrastructure responsible for
delivering electricity from substations to consumers within a specific geographic
area. It consists of power lines, transformers, switchgear, and meters, facilitating the
final stage of electricity delivery to homes, businesses, and industries.
Difference between national grid and regional grid :
NATIONAL GRID
 Integration of multiple regional
grids, ensuring nationwide
electricity transmission and
distribution.
 Integration of diverse regional
grids for seamless electricity
transmission and distribution.
 Adaptation to diverse energy
sources and varying demand
across regions.
 Efficiency in long-distance
transmission and resilience
against large-scale disruptions.
REGIONAL GRID
 Focus on meeting localized
electricity needs with tailored
generation, transmission, and
distribution.
 Operation within the framework
of a national grid or
independently, focusing on local
needs.
 Flexibility to optimize resources
and infrastructure for specific
regional requirements.
 Efficiency in localized
distribution and resilience against
localized disruptions.
THANKYOU