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    Hexadecimal

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1 views37 pages

    Hexadecimal

    Uploaded by

    anemusarurwa
    Hexadecimal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 37

    Candidates should be able to:

    • represent positive numbers in hexadecimal notation


    • show understanding of the reasons for choosing hexadecimal notation to represent numbers
    • convert positive hexadecimal integers to and from denary (a maximum of four hexadecimal digits will be
    required)
    • convert positive hexadecimal integers to and from binary (a maximum of 16 bit binary numbers will be
    required)
    • represent numbers stored in registers and main memory as hexadecimal
    • identify current uses of hexadecimal numbers in computing, such as defining colours in Hypertext Markup
    Language (HTML), Media Access Control (MAC) addresses, assembly languages and machine code,
    debugging
    HEXIDECIMAL
    The HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM is very closely related to the
    binary system. Hexadecimal (sometimes referred to as simply ‘hex’)
    is a base 16 system and therefore needs to use 16 different ‘values’ to
    represent each digit.
    Base 10=Denary/Decimal
    Base 2=Binary System
    Base 16=Hexadecimal system
    Understand Why
    • 1cm • 1 bit = 1 hexa
    • 100cm = 1 m • 100000cm = 1000m • 11 = 2 hexa
    • 1000m=1km • 100000m=100km • 1000 = 8 hexa
    • 1000000m= 1000km • 10001000= 88 hexa
    • 100010001000= 888 hexa
    • 1010100110011011 =
    A99B
    Table 1.2
    Converting Binary to Hexa
    Table 1.2
    Converting Binary to Hexa
    Converting Hexa
    to Binary
    Table 1.2
    Table 1.2
    Converting Hexa
    to Binary
    Table 1.2
    Converting Hexadecimal to Denary
    Hexadecimal to Denary
    Denary to Hexadecimal
    Denary to Hexa
    Uses of Hexadecimal
    • Memory dumps
    • Hypertext mark-up language
    • Media Access control
    • Web addresses
    • Assembly code
    Memory dumps
    • It is much easier to work with: B 5 A 4 1 A F C
    • rather than: 1 0 1 1 | 1 0 0 1 | 1 0 1 0 | 0 1 0 0 | 0 0 0 1 | 1 0 1 0 | 1 1 1 1 | 1
    100
    • hexadecimal is often used when developing new software or when trying
    to trace errors in programs
    • When the memory contents are output to a printer or monitor, this is
    known as a MEMORY DUMP
    Figure 1.6
    • A program developer can look at each of the hexadecimal codes (as shown in
    Figure 1.6) and determine where the error lies. The value on the far left shows the
    memory
    • location so that it is possible to find out exactly where in memory the fault occurs.
    • This is clearly much more manageable using hexadecimal rather than using binary.
    • It’s a very powerful fault-tracing tool, but requires considerable knowledge of
    computer architecture in order to interpret the results.
    HyperText Mark-up Language (HTML)
    • HYPERTEXT MARK-UP LANGUAGE (HTML) is used when writing and
    developing web pages
    • HTML isn’t a programming language but is simply a mark-up language.
    • A mark-up language is used in the processing, definition and presentation of text
    (for example, specifying the colour of the text).
    • HTML uses <tags> which are used to bracket a piece of code; for example, <td>
    starts a standard cell in an HTML table, and </td> ends it.
    • Whatever is between the two tags has been defined
    HTML code
    HTML colours
    • HTML code is often used to represent colours of text on the computer
    screen. The values change to represent different colours.
    • The different intensity of the three primary colours (red, green and blue) is
    determined by its hexadecimal value.
    HTML
    Body tags Heading tags Paragraph tags Style tags
    <body> <h1> <p> <style>
    <h2> </p>
    </body> </style>
    </h2>
    </h1>
    Table tags
    <table border=“1”>
    <tr>
    <td>Name</td>
    <td>Surname</td>
    <td>Age</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    Examples of colours
    Row colour
    <table border="1">
    <tr bgcolor="#FF0000">
    <th>Month</th>
    <th>Savings</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>January</td>
    <td>$100</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    <table border="1"> Cell colour
    <tr>
    <th>Month</th>
    <th>Savings</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td bgcolor="#FF0000">January</td>
    <td>$100</td>
    </tr>
    </table>
    Body tags
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html> <head>
    <style>
    body { background-color:#4700ca;}
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    </body>
    </html>
    Heading background colour
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    h1 { background-color:#FF00FF; }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my page</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    Heading text colour
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <style>
    h1 { color:#FF00FF; }
    </style>
    </head>
    <body>
    <h1>Welcome to my page</h1>
    </body>
    </html>
    Example of colours HTML using hexadecimal
    <style> <body>

    h1 { background-color:#FF00FF; } <h1>CSS background-color example!</h1>


    div { background-color:#00FFFF; } <div>
    p { background-color:#FFFF00; } This is a text inside a div element.
    <p>This paragraph has its own background color.</p>
    body { background-color:#4700ca; }
    We are still in the div element.
    </style> </div>

    </body>
    Activity 1.8
    • Using the internet, find the HTML codes for a number of colours.
    • Try entering HTML code into the computer and see how the colours and
    font types can be changed to good effect.
    • Make use of websites, such as www.html.am/ to produce your own web
    pages.
    Web address
    Web addresses
    • A website address, also known as a URL (uniform resource locator), is
    an Internet or intranet name that points to a location where a file,
    directory or website page is hosted
    • Each character used on a keyboard has what is known as an ASCII
    CODE (AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION
    INTERCHANGE)
    • These codes can be represented using hexadecimal values or decimal
    values
    ASCII table
    • A good example of the use of ASCII codes is the representation of a web
    address (or URL, which stands for uniform resource locator) such as
    www.hodder.co.uk which becomes (using hexadecimal values):

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