High performance Acrylic Dispersions

for Masonry and Wood Coatings

Harald Petri , Ulrich Désor , Dr. Matthias Junk

© Celanese ASEFAPI, 5th November 2015

Agenda

► Polymer Dispersions – Basic Knowledge

► Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions

► Advanced Polymerization Technologies

‒ Core/Shell -Technology
‒ New Gradual Composition (GC) –Technology from Celanese

► Application Test Results

► Summary

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 2

 What is a Polymer Emulsion ?
( in fact : Polymer
Dispersion )

Synonym
Water
Homogeneous Medium
Polymer-Dispersion

Polymer Colloid

Polymer Particle Latex

Heterogeneous Medium
„Polymer-Emulsion“

A polymer dispersion consists of very small polymer particles

distributed in the homogeneous phase water
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 3
Structure of a polymer particle

Polymer Properties
- chemical composition
- glass transition temperature (Tg)
- degree of crosslinking
- molecular weight

Colloidal Properties
- emulsifier, type, amount
- number of sphere charges
- number of charges in
serum

A polymer particle is composed of a „polymer core“ and a

colloidal „shell“ which has a strong impact on
workability
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 4
 Film formation

Phase I Evaporation of water

Proper film
formation only
Phase II Deformation of particles occurs if ambient
temperature is
above MFFT !
Phase III Coalescence

Phase IV Interdiffusion of polymer chains

Proper film formation needed to obtain a robust polymer film

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 5
 Film formation
Minimum Film Formation Temperature ( MFTT )

0°C Temperature Gradient 20°C

MFFT 0°C

18°C

>20°C

MFFT – Bench

The Minimum Film Formation Temperature ( MFFT ) is the lowest

temperature required to obtain a polymer film without any defects.
MFFT can vary from 0°C ( freezing water ) to 100°C ( boiling
© Celanese
water )
High performance Acrylic Dispersions 6
Polymer hardness
Glass Transition Temperature ( Tg )

Tg of Polymer Film

100 oC 25 oC -100 oC
stiff and briddle leather-like tacky

Plastic Coatings Masonry Coatings EWC

( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 98°C ) ( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 23°C ( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = -30°C )
)

Fibre Cement Coatings Masonry Coatings

( Pure Acrylic ; Tg = 48°C ) - low emission -
( Pure Acrylic; Tg = 6°C )

below Tg : Polymer chains like above Tg : Polymer chains like

uncooked Spaghetti ( rigid ) cooked Spaghetti ( flexible )
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 7
 Correlation between MFFT and Tg

30
25
MFFT (°C)

20
Tg = MFFT Styrene-Acrylic
15
10
5
VAE

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34
T g (°C)
 MFFT correlates with Tg in many cases, but is not the same.

 Tg ≈ MFFT for hydrophobic polymers ( e.g. Styrene/Acrylic ).

 MFFT can be lowered by adding suitable solvents and/or coalescing agents.

 For hydrophilic polymers ( e.g. VAE ) water can act as coalescing agent
( Hydroplastification ).
 Heterogeneous dispersions could have more than one Tg whereas every dispersions
has only one MFFT.
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 8
 Film Forming Process of homogenous
Polymer Dispersions ( „soft “ vs. „hard“ )
Lowering of MFFT by
adding suitable
coalescent agents

MFFT /Tg
[ °C ] Production
40 Hard Polymer Film
‘hard’ Evaporation of
Dispersion coalescent
agents
30 Addition of

coalescent
20 agents

Application typical ambient

Drying
‘soft’ temperature
10 Storage
Dispersion
Soft Polymer Film
0
time
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 9
 Combining opposing properties

Film forming without any addition of To achieve a better polymer hard-

coalescent agents requires a “soft”
polymer dispersion and thereby a
? ness ( low blocking ) especially
at high temperatures “hard”
relative soft polymer film hardness. polymer dispersions are
required.
Low Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg) High Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg)

Advanced Polymerization Technologies – Best of both worlds

Optimizing the balance between Soft Polymer Phase

( low Tg ) and Hard Polymer Phase ( high Tg ).
Soft phase enables the film forming at lower
temperatures and reduced demand of coalescing
agents whereas the high Tg phase improves film
hardness and block resistance.
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 10
Further optimization of the polymer
film properties

Cross-Cut Test

Improvement of durability e.g. Improvement of adhesion on

chemical resistance, stain critical substrates e.g. old alkyd
resistance … paints…

Cross-linking Wet adhesion

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 11

Summary : Optimization tools

Low MFFT / Tg
- required to achieve a proper film Cross-Linking
forming at low temperatures without - improvement of mechanical and
adding suitable coalescent agents. chemical durability.

Wet adhesion
High Tg
- optimized adhesion properties on
- for applications where a hard, no
critical substrates.
blocking polymer film is required.
Monomer Composition Functionality

Advanced Polymer Dispersions

- high performance dispersion with
optimized balance between film formation
( MFFT ) and polymer hardness.
Polymer Morphology

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 12

Mowilith® Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions
Product guide Masonry Coatings

LDM LDM LDM LDM LDM Nano

7281 7709 7714 7719 7978 9420
Solids [ % ] 50 46 50 50 60 45
pH-Value 7,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 6,0 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2000 110 2000 4000 1500 55
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 13 ca. 1 ca. 15 ca. 0 ca. 0 ca. 6
Tg [ °C ] ca. 30 ca. 6 ca. 21 ca. 10 ca. - 30 ca. 18
Functionality ? no no yes yes yes no
Suggested Exterior Exterior Masonry Masonry Elast Wall Nano
Applications Paints Paints Coatings Hybrid
Plaster Plaster Coatings Coatings ( EWC )
s s House House Paints
Paints Paints
Texture Texture
d d Concrete
Coatings Coatings
Coatings
Binders based on homogeneous polymerization
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 13
Mowilith® Homogeneous Acrylic Dispersions
Product guide Wood Coatings & Gloss Paints

LDM LDM LDM LDM

7714 7719 7724 7774

Solids [ % ] 50 50 46 45
pH-Value 8,5 8,5 8,9 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2000 4000 7000 300
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 15 ca. 0 ca. 10 ca. 15
Tg [ °C ] ca. 21 ca. 10 ca. 23 ca. 25
Functionality ? yes yes yes yes
Suggested Weather Weather Wood Stains Wood Stains
Applications protection protection Gloss / Trim Gloss / Trim
wood paints wood paints Paints Paints
Wood Stains

Binders based on homogeneous polymerization

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 14
Advanced Polymerization Technologies

Heterogeneous

Polymerization

Core-Shell Particle with GC-

Particle Technology

Celanese new Gradual Composition

( GC) - Technology

How to combine opposed mechanical properties in one binder

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 15
Advanced Polymerization Technologies
Core-Shell vs. GC Technology

Core-Shell Particle Particle with GC Technology

► Defined phases of hard and soft parts ► Gradual change from hard to soft
► Abrupt phase boundaries (breaking polymer fraction
point)

Heat flow (mW)

Heat flow (mW)

Two defined Tg broad Tg-range

Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C)

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 16

Advanced Polymerization Technologies
Impact of morphology

2500 600

50% MMA : 50 % BuA

500
2000

Elongation at break [ % ]
Blocking [ g/6.5 cm2 ]

400
1500 phase 1: 20% MMA : 80 % BuA
Tg =22°C phase 2: 80 % MMA : 20% BuA
phase 1 : phase 2 = 1 : 1 300

1000
Tg1 = -18°C 200

500
Tg2 = 80°C 100

0 0
Homogeneous emulsion Heterogeneous emulsion
( Core-Shell )

Blocking and Elongation of homogeneous and heterogeneous

dispersion with same total monomer ratio ( 50% MMA / 50% BuA )
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 17
Advanced Polymerization Technologies
New Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology

100
► Excellent balance between

Elongation at break (%)

blocking resistance and 80
Dispersions with
elongation at break/elasticity GC-Technology

60

► Equipped with a broad 40

LDM 7510
property profile to meet Core-Shell
market needs in gloss paints, 20 Dispersions
lacquers and trim paints
area 0
0 1000 3000
2000
Blocking (50°C)
► Linear relation between blocking resistance
and elongation at break with different Core-
Shell-Grades
► Either good blocking resistance or good
elongation at break

Mowilith® LDM 7510 is providing a unique balance between hardness

and elasticity enabled through the new GC-Technology
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 18
Advanced Polymerization Technologies
New Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology

Key advantages
► High gloss
► MFFT=0°C
► Styrene-free
► Excellent elasticity and at the same time highly
block resistant
► Excellent chemical and solvent resistance with
great wet adhesion (self crosslinking)
► Good outdoor durability – so far results are in line
with expectations

Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Unification of most important properties for

application in gloss paints, lacquers and trim paints
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 19
Application test results

Gloss after 7 days of drying ( pigmented gloss paint –

white )

120 20° 60° Haze

107 104
98
100
82 78 78 78
80 77 78 77
Gloss units

60 54 53 54 50 54

40

20

sf = solvent-free formulation
sc = solvent-containing formulation

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 20

Application test results

Blocking after 1 day of drying at RT Elongation at break after 28 days of

(in white pigmented gloss paint) drying (in white pigmented gloss paint)
6000 5000 160 151
000 5000
5 140
5000 4500 120 110
100
4000 74
80
3000 60 39 37
2000 40
510 20
1000
0
0

Drying: 1d at room temperature

Loading: 1 hour at 50 °C with 2kg/6,25 cm²

Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Excellent elongation at break / elasticity and at

the same time highly block resistant
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 21
Application test results

Dry film resistance ( pigmented gloss paint –

white )
Dispersion Recipe Scratch Alcohol Coffee
1d 7d
1d 7d 1d 7d 5 min 30 min 5 min 30 min
LDM 7510 sf L6045 FI 3 2 4 2 3 4 2 3

core/shell 1 sf L6045 FI 3 2 6 6 3 4 2 3

core/shell 2 sf L6045 FI 3 2 6 6 3 4 2 3

core/shell 3 sc L6003 FAI 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 2

homogeneous sc L6003 FAI 6 5 6 6 1 3 1 2

Rating:
sf = solvent-free formulation 1: good
6: worse
sc = solvent-containing formulation

Mowilith® LDM 7510 : Convincing dry film resistance performance,

even in solvent-free formulations
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 22
Mowilith® heterogeneous Acrylic Dispersions
Product guide Wood Coatings & Gloss Paints

LDM LDM LDM LDM LDM

741 7416 7451 7461 7510

1
Polymer Core Shell Core Shell Core Shell Core Shell Gradual
Morphology Composition

Solids [ % ] 50 50 47 46 48
pH-Value 8,5 8,5 8,5 7,5 8,5
Viscosity [ mPas ] 2500 2500 4500 1500 3250
MFFT [ °C ] ca. 1 ca. 0 ca. 8 ca. 24 ca. 0
Tg [ °C ] ca. -10 / 50 ca. -3 / 85 ca. 13 / 65 ca. 28 / 100 -
Functionality ? yes yes yes yes yes
Suggested Wood Wood Gloss/Trim Furniture & Gloss/Trim
Applications Stains Stains Paints Parguet Paints
Gloss/Trim Joinery Wood Coatings ( low VOC )
Paints Coatings
Stains
Corrosion
© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 23
Summary

► Acrylic Dispersions are perfect alternatives to solvent-based binders to reduce the

VOC content of coatings while remaining the desired properties and application
performance.

► Acrylic Dispersions have a strong reputation regarding versatility, UV-resistance and

durability on various substrates including mineral, wood and metal.

► Mowilith® Acrylic Dispersions with homogeneous particle morphology enables the

formulation of high performance coatings with long term durability. Through the
further optimization of wet adhesion properties the coatings properties improved as
well, especially on wood.

► Mowilith® Acrylic Dispersions based on Core-Shell Technology offer excellent block

resistance in high gloss formulations at low pvc. Furthermore they provide excellent
properties in wood stain applications. ( e.g. early block resistance )

► Mowilith® LDM 7510 based on the new Gradual Composition (GC) - Technology
represents the next generation of Acrylic Dispersion with optimized and excellent
balance between high block resistance and elasticity. It’s the perfect binder for low
emission gloss paints and coatings applications in the professional and DIY segment.

© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 24

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© Celanese High performance Acrylic Dispersions 25

Thank you for your attention