STRENGTHENING

THE BARANGAY
ANTI-DRUG ABUSE
COUNCIL
Atty. Francis Tom Temprosa

CHR: Dignity of all

CHR: Dignity of all
 TAMA O MALI?
1. Ang karapatang pantao ay nagmumula sa mga batas.

2. Maaaring tanggalan ng karapatang pantao kapag naakusahan ang

isang tao ng paggamit ng droga.

3. Hindi responsibilidad ng gobyerno na protektahan ang mga

karapatang pantao.

4. Ang karapatang pantao ay regalo na natanggap natin mula sa ating

gobyerno.

5. Maaring piliin ng gobyerno ang mga karapatang pantao na kanilang

kikilalanin.

CHR: Dignity of all

Ano ang mga Karapatang
Pantao?
Jose W. Diokno

“Human rights are more than legal concepts;

they are the essence of man, and they make us
human."
“Deny them and you deny man’s humanity”

CHR: Dignity of all

Ano ang mga Karapatang
Pantao?
UN Office of the High
Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR)

Human rights are rights we have simply because we exist as

human beings - they are not granted by any state. These
universal rights are inherent to us all, regardless of nationality,
sex, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, language, or any
other status. They range from the most fundamental - the right to
life - to those that make life worth living, such as the rights to
food, education, work, health, and liberty.

CHR: Dignity of all

 DAPAT AT TAO

Ang mga dapat na

pamantayan upang ang
isang tao ay ganap na
matawag na TAO
CHR: Dignity of all
Mga Batayang Prinsipyo ng mga Karapatang Pantao
Para sa Lahat (Universal)

Likas Para sa Bawat Indibidwal

(Inherent)

Pagkakapantay-pantay at Walang
Pagtatangi (Equality and Non-
Discrimination)

Makakaugnay, Hindi pwedeng

ipagkait ang ilan at ang ibang
karapatan lang ang kilalanin
(Indivisible/Interdependent)

Hindi Maaring Tanggalin/ Ihiwalay

(Inalienable)

CHR: Dignity of all

 FREEDOM FROM
CRUEL, INHUMAN
OR DEGRADING
RIGHT TO BE TREATED TREATMENT OR
AS A HUMAN BEING PUNISHMENT

RIGHT TO FOOD RIGHT TO

FORM A FAMILY
RIGHT DUE PROCESS
RIGHT TO HEALTH
AND FAIR TRIAL

RIGHT TO EDUCATION RIGHT TO WORK

CHR: Dignity of all

 Katanungan:

Sino ang may Karapatang Pantao?

Source: Vicenta R. Basilio

CHR: Dignity of all
 Ang mga karapatang pantao ay bumubuo
ng isang hanay ng mga karapatan at
tungkulin na kinakailangan para sa
proteksyon ng dignidad ng tao, likas sa
lahat ng mga tao, hindi alintana ang
nasyonalidad, lugar ng paninirahan,
kasarian, nasyonal o etniko na pinagmulan,
kulay, relihiyon, wika, o anumang iba pang
katayuan
Ang bawat isa ay pantay na may
karapatan sa karapatang pantao
Source: Vicenta R. Basilio
CHR: Dignity of all
TANDAAN: Hindi nawawala ang
ating karapatang pantao ng dahil
lamang sa tayo ay inakusahan ng
krimen. (halimbawa: inakusahan ng
paggamit ng droga)

CHR: Dignity of all

 Katanungan:

Sino ang may Obligasyon?

Source: Vicenta R. Basilio

CHR: Dignity of all
 Estado: Tatlong Obligasyon

Wag makagambala nang direkta o hindi direkta sa

Igalang pagtamasa ng mga karapatang pantao. “NO” ang unang
salita sa Bill of Rights (Kalipunan ng mga Karapatan ng
Tao) sa ating Konstitution.

Pigilan ang iba sa pagyurak sa karapatan ng mga tao. Kung

Protektahan may nangyaring ganito, imbestigahan at kasuhan
(investigate and prosecute).

Magpatibay ng naaangkop na legislative, administrative,

budgetary, judicial, promotional at iba pang mga
hakbang patungo sa ganap na pagsasakatuparan ng
Isakatuparan karapatan (facilitate) at direktang magbigay ng tulong o
mga serbisyo para sa pagsasakatuparan ng mga
karapatang ito (provide).

CHR: Dignity of all

 Kailan nasasabing Human Rights-Based
Approach ang Isang Programa?
• Tinitignan ang mga Rights-Holders sa isang sitwasyon.
Halimbawa: Sino ang mga taong may karapatang pantao
sa sitwasyong ito? Ano ang kanilang mga karapatan na
apektado?
• Tinitignan din ang mga Duty-Bearers. Halimbawa: Sino
saThe
pamahalaan ang may Approach
Human Rights-Based obligasyon sa sitwasyong
(HRBA) ito?
is a conceptual
Ano ang mga
framework for obligasyon
the process nila sa karapatang
of human pantao?
development that is
normatively based on international human rights standards and
(Balikan ang mga obligasyon at tandaan.)
operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights. It
• Pagtingin sa mga
seeks to analyze grupong
inequalities bulnerable
which (vulnerable
lie at the heart sectors)
of development
problems and redress discriminatory practices and unjust
• Participation, Accountability, No discrimination and
distributions of power that impede development progress and often
equality, Transparency,
result in groups Human
of people being dignity, Empowerment,
left behind.
Rule of law (PANTHER)
Source: Vicenta R. Basilio
CHR: Dignity of all
 Katanungan:

Bakit dapat rights-based (batay sa mga

karapatan)
ang pagtingin sa problema sa droga ?

Anu-ano ang mga karapatan ng mga

tao (halimbawa: people who use drugs)
sa sitwasyong ito?

Source: Vicenta R. Basilio

CHR: Dignity of all
DRUG PROBLEMS ARE NEVER JUST
ABOUT DRUGS
Inextricably linked to so
many things — health,
education, economics,
socio-economics,
culture, politics, the
criminal justice system,
a person’s own social
environment — it’s
almost overwhelming.
ALMOST.
CHR: Dignity of all
Drugs are not only a Problem of Crime, but
also of Health
Nasa gitna ng problema sa droga ang TAO na may mga
KARAPATAN

Right To Health:
“The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right
of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard
of physical and mental health” [Article 12 of the International
Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights.]

Kinakailangan ng mga estado na ipatupad ang

karapatang pangkalusugan ng walang diskriminasyon.
[Articles 2 (2) and 3 of the ICESCR]

CHR: Dignity of all

Drugs are not only a Problem of Crime, but
also of Health

Katulad ng ibang tao, ang mga taong

gumagamit ng droga ay may karapatan sa
karapatang pangkalusugan at iba pang
mga Karapatan.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Drugs are not only a Problem of Crime, but
also of Health
Republic Act 11036: Mental Health Act
The Mental Health Act covers mental disorders which includes substance-related disorders, and
involves active treatment of substance-related issues and preventive measures.

Relevant provisions:
• SECTION 3(f). Drug Rehabilitation refers to the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic
treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs,
and other dangerous drugs pursuant to Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the "
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
• SECTION 18(e). All regional, provincial, and tertiary hospitals, including private hospitals
rendering service to paying patients, shall provide the following psychiatric, psychosocial,
and neurologic services: Coordination with drug rehabilitation centers vis-à-vis the care,
treatment, and rehabilitation of persons suffering from addiction and other substance-
induced mental health conditions.
• SECTION 20. Pursuant to its duty to provide mental health services and consistent with the
policy of treating drug dependency as a mental health issue, each local health care facility
must be capable of conducting drug screening
• SECTION 43. Persons who avail of the voluntary submission provision and persons charged
pursuant to Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the "
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002," shall undergo an examination
for mental health conditions and, if found to have mental health conditions, shall be covered
by the provisions of this Act.
Source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6646847/
CHR: Dignity of all
 Drugs are not only a Problem of Crime, but
also of Health
Republic Act 9165: Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

Relevant provisions:
• SECTION 54. A drug dependent or any person who violates Section 15 of this Act may, by
himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of
consanguinity or affinity, apply to the Board or its duly recognized representative, for treatment
and rehabilitation of the drug dependency.

• SECTION 57. A drug dependent who is discharged as rehabilitated by the DOH-accredited Center
through the voluntary submission program, but does not qualify for exemption from criminal
liability under Section 55 of this Act, may be charged under the provisions of this Act, but shall be
placed on probation and undergo a community service in lieu of imprisonment and/or fine in the
discretion of the court, without prejudice to the outcome of any pending case filed in court. Such
drug dependent shall undergo community service as part of his/her after-care and follow-up
program, which may be done in coordination with nongovernmental civic organizations accredited
by the DSWD, with the recommendation of the Board.

• SECTION 60. Judicial and medical records of drug dependents under the voluntary submission
program shall be confidential and shall not be used against him for any purpose, except to
determine how many times, by himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or
relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, he/she voluntarily submitted
himself/herself for confinement, treatment and rehabilitation or has been committed to a Center
under this program.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Katanungan:

Source: Vicenta R. Basilio

CHR: Dignity of all
Ayon sa human rights standards na
nasa batas, tama ba na gawin ang
mga sumusunod sa mga taong
gumagamit ng droga?
• Saktan, sindakin, pahiyain ang
inarestong suspect na drug user?
• Hatawin, kinukulong sa kulungan ng
aso?
• Hindi pakainin, o hindi payagan na
bisitahin ng mga kamag-anak?
CHR: Dignity of all
CHR: Dignity of all
 ARTICLE III BILL OF RIGHTS
(22 Sections)

12 sections
started with
the word. . . .

Source: Vicenta R. Basilio

CHR: Dignity of all
 RIGHTS ARE NOT GIFTS FROM THE
GOVERNMENT. THEY ARE

ARTICLE II SECTION 11
The State values the dignity of every human
person and guarantees full respect
for human rights.
CHR: Dignity of all
 Methadone Maintenance Therapy Pilot in Vietnam

In 2009, Vietnam used the Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) using oral
methadone as a treatment for relieving heroin addiction and the result showed that
24 months after treatment initiation, heroin use as measured by urine test or self-
report had reduced from 100 % of participants at both sites to 14.6 % in Hai Phong
and 22.9 % in HCMC. (Impact of a Methadone Maintenance Therapy Pilot in
Vietnam and its Role in a Scaled-up Response)
Source: https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-015-0075-9
Photo Source: https://www.hri.global/files/2010/05/02/Presentation_20th_C12_Huynh.pdf
CHR: Dignity of all
 Harm Reduction Intervention

Aims to reduce the harms associated with

the use of psychoactive drugs, without
necessarily discouraging use. They include
needle and syringe programs, prescription
of substitute medications, drug-
consumption rooms, promotion of non-
injecting routes for the administration of
drugs, overdose prevention practices, and
outreach and education programs.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Principles of Effective Drug Policy
• Developed through a structured assessment of priorities and evidence.

• In full compliance with international human rights law.

• Focus on reducing the harmful consequences rather than the scale of

drug use and markets.

• Promote the social inclusion of marginalised groups.

• Build open and constructive relationships between NGOs and

governments.

CHR: Dignity of all

Elements of Balanced Drug Policy

CHR: Dignity of all

 Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or
Under Custodial Investigation

ARREST is the taking of DETENTION is the: CUSTODIAL

a person in custody in • Curtailment of person’s INVESTIGATION involves
order that he may be liberty. any questioning initiated by
• Condition of being deprived
bound to answer for the of personal liberty except as
law enforcement authorities
commission of an a result of conviction for an after a person is taken into
offense. It is made by an offense. If the deprivation of custody or otherwise
actual restraint of a liberty is a result of deprived of his freedom of
person to be arrested, or conviction, proper term is action in any significant
by his submission to the “imprisonment.” manner.
• People invited for
custody of the person
questioning are considered
making the arrest. “in detention”
(Section 1, Rule 113)

Sources: Atty. Rexford Guevarra, Atty. Jenine Rosanne Velasquez, Atty. Jollet Paulo Dela Cruz
CHR: Dignity of all
Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or
Under Custodial Investigation
Right to be assisted by counsel at all times
(Karapatang humingi at magkaroon ng abogado sa harap ng anumang napipintong interogasyon ng
pulis at karapatang mabigyan ng libreng abogado kung hindi mo kaya kumuha)

Right to remain silent

(Karaptang tumahimik at di magsalita, ang anumang sabihin mo ay maaring gamitin laban sa iyo)

Right to be informed of the above rights

(Karapatang malaman ang iyong mga Karapatan)

Right to be visited by the immediate members of the family, counsel, or any NGO, national or
international.
(Karaptang bisitahin ng mga kaagad na miyembro ng pamilya, abogado, o anumang NGO,
national o international)

(Note: Detailed Rights of Persons Arrested, Detained or Under Custodial Investigation; Duties of Public
Officers is found in R.A. 7438 Section 2)

CHR: Dignity of all

 Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or
Under Custodial Investigation
Why is a lawyer required?
• People v. Suarez 267 SCRA 119 (1997): The presence of the lawyer is
not intended to stop an accused from saying anything which might
incriminate him, but rather, it was adopted in our Constitution TO
PRECLUDE THE SLIGHTEST COERCION as would lead the
accused to admit something false.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Rights of Person Arrested, Detained or
Under Custodial Investigation
Miranda Rights
1. Ikaw ay may karapatang tumahimik at di magsalita;
2. Ang anumang sabihin mo ay maaring gamitin laban sa iyo;
3. Ikaw ay may karapatang humingi at magkaroon ng abogado sa harap ng anumang
napipintong interogasyon ng pulis; at
4. Karapatang mabigyan ng libreng abogado kung hindi mo kaya kumuha.

New: Anti-Torture Warning

When does the Miranda Rights begin to operate?

• Aquino v. Paiste, 555 SCRA 255 (2008): It is ONLY AFTER THE INVESTIGATION CEASES TO
BE A GENERAL INQUIRY into an unsolved crime and begins to focus on a particular suspect,
the suspect is taken into custody, and the police carries out a process of interrogations that lend
itself to eliciting incriminating statements, that the Miranda Rule begins to operate.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Acts Punishable Under the Dangerous
Drugs Act of 2002
• Importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals
• Sale, Trading, Administration,
Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and
Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals
• Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort
• Employees and Visitors of a Den, Dive or
Resort
• Manufacture of Dangerous Drug and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals
• Illegal Chemical Diversion of Controlled
Precursors and Essential Chemical
• Manufacture or Delivery of Equipment,
Instrument, Apparatus, and Other
Paraphernalia for Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential
Chemicals
• Possession of Dangerous Drugs
• Possession of Equipment, Instrument,
Apparatus and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs
• Possession of Dangerous Drugs During
Parties, Social Gatherings or Meetings
• Possession of Equipment, Instrument,
Apparatus, and Other Paraphernalia for
Dangerous Drugs During Parties, Social
Gatherings or Meetings
• Use of Dangerous Drugs
• Cultivation or Culture of Plants
Classified as Dangerous Drugs or are
Sources Thereof
• Maintenance and Keeping of Original
Records of Transactions on Dangerous
Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors
and Essential Chemicals
• Unnecessary Prescription of Dangerous
Drugs
• Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous
Drugs
CHR: Dignity of all
 Chain of Custody
Isang proseso na mahalaga sa pagpapanatili ng integridad ng ebidensya
ng corpus delicti. Ang dokumentasyon ng paggalaw ng mga nasamsam
na item ay dapat isama ang pagkakakilanlan at pirma ng tao o mga taong
naghawak ng pansamantalang pangangalaga nito, ang petsa at oras kung
kailan ang naturang pangangalaga o paglilipat ay ginawa sa kurso ng
pag-iingat hanggang sa maipakita sa korte bilang katibayan.
(Note: Detailed Process is found in R.A. 9165 Section 21)

Effect of Non-Compliance:
• People v. Delmonte: Non-compliance will not render accused’s arrest illegal
or the items seized as inadmissible if the the integrity and the evidentiary
value of the seized items is preserved
• Bondad v. People: for failure to comply with Sec. 21 in a manner that
COMRPOMISED THE IDENTITY of the items seized (the corpus delicti of
the crime), accused should be acquitted.

CHR: Dignity of all

 Buy-Bust Operation
Ang buy-bust operation ay naiiba mula sa isang ordinaryong pag-aresto; ito
ay isang uri ng entrapment na paulit-ulit na tinatanggap na maging wastong
paraan ng pag-aresto sa mga lumalabag sa dangerous drugs law. Sa isang
buy-bust operation ang lumabag ay nahuli in flagrante delicto at ang mga
opisyal ng pulisya na nagsasagawa ng operasyon ay pinahintulutan at may
obligasyong hadlangan ang lalabag at hanapan siya para sa anumang bagay
na maaaring bahagi o ginamit sa komisyon ng krimen.

People v Doria stressed the objective test in buy-bust operations: The

prosecution must present a complete picture detailing the transaction, which
must start from the initial contract between the poseur-buyer and the
pusher, the offer to purchase, the promise or payment of the consideration
until the consummation of the sale by the delivery of the illegal drug subject
of the sale. The manner by which the initial contact was made, the offer to
purchase the drug, the payment of the buy-bust money, and the delivery of
the illegal drug must be subject of strict scrutiny by courts to ensure that the
law-abiding citizens are not unlawfully induced to commit an offense

CHR: Dignity of all

 Plea-Bargaining
Daan vs. Sandiganbayan (G.R. Nos. 163972-77): Plea bargaining in criminal cases is a
process whereby the accused and the prosecution work out a mutually satisfactory
disposition of the case subject to court approval. It usually involves the defendant's
pleading guilty to a lesser offense or to only one or some of the counts of a multi-count
indictment in return for a lighter sentence than that for the graver charge

General Rule: Plea-bargaining is now allowed

(Salvador Estipona, Jr. y Asuela vs. People of the Philippines)

When is Plea-bargaining is not allowed?

X Pagtataglay ng 10 gramo o higit pa sa “shabu.”
X Pagtataglay ng 500 gramo o higit pa sa marijuana.
X Eksklusibong pagbebenta ng “shabu”, na may dami na 1.00
gramo o higit pa.
X Eksklusibo ang pagbebenta ng marijuana, na may dami na 10
gramo o higit pa.
X Pagbebenta ng lahat ng iba pang mga uri ng mapanganib na
gamot.
(A.M. No. 18-03-16-SC)

CHR: Dignity of all

 Commission on Human Rights

May kapangyarihan na magsagawa ng mga

pagsisiyasat sa mga paglabag sa karapatang pantao
laban sa mga marginalized at mahina na sektor ng
lipunan, na kinasasangkutan ng mga karapatang
sibil at pampulitika.
(Note: Detailed powers and function of CHR is found in 1987 Constitution
Article IX Section 18)

CHR: Dignity of all