DEVELOPMENT

Angel George
20019
  Increase in size or mass of body tissue
GROWTH

 Maturation of function
DEVELOPMENT  Acquisition of skills for optimal functioning
of individual
  Continous process(in utero- maturity)
 Depends on functional maturation of the
nervous system
 Sequence of attainment of milestone same in
PRINCIPLES OF all children
DEVELOPMENT  Cephalocaudal progression
 Primitive reflex should dissapear
 Specific action replace the initial disorganized
mass activity
  Prenatal factors
1. Genetic factors
2. Maternal factors
Maternal nutrition
Exposure to drugs and toxins
Factors affecting Maternal diseases and infections
development
 Neonatal factors
1. Small for gestational age status
2. Prematurity (<37 week)
3. Perinatal asphyxia
4. Hyperbilirubinemia
 Postneonatal factors
1. Infant and child nutrition
2. Infectious diseases
3. Environmental toxins
4. Traumatic or infectious insult to brain
5. Associated impairments
 Psychosocial factors
1. Parenting
2. Lack of nurturing condition
3. violence and abuse
4. Maternal depression
5. Institutionalization

 Protective factors
Breastfeeding,KMC,optimum nutrition,absence
of illness,nurturing family,secure
home,educated parents,exposure to stimulating
environment
  Gross motor
 Fine motor
Domains of  Personal,social,general understanding
development  Language
 Vision and hearing
Gross Motor • Complete
head lag on
2 month pull to sit

• Head control on
pull to sit
3-4 month
 • Sit with support( tripod
6 month position)

8 month

• Crawling • Sit without support

 10 month

11 month - Cruising

• Creeping • Stands with support

• Walk with
support

12 months
• Stand without support
15 month

• Walk without support

• Runs

18 month
2 years  Walk up and downstairs ( 2 feet per step),jumps

3 years

• Rides tricycle .Walking upstairs one foot per step

4 years

• Hopping Walking downstairs one foot

per step

5 years
• Skips
 FINE MOTOR

2-3 month
• Hand regard

4 month
• Bidextrous grasp

6 month

• Unidextrous gasp and

transfer of objects
 8 month

 Mature/radial palmar
grasp

10 month
Immature pincer
grasp

12 month
Mature pincer grasp

15 month
• Scribbles,turns 2-3 pages of book
 Tower of cubes

15 month 18 month 2 year 3 year

Copying
  Undressing with support- 2 yrs
 Dressing with support- 3 yrs
Dressing and undressing
 Buttoning- 4 yrs
 Undressing and dressing without support
Tying shoelaces -5 yrs

Feeding milestone
Social and
adaptive
milestone
2month
• Social smile

3 month
• Mother regard
6 month
Stranger anxiety
Smiles at mirror image
 • Waves “bye bye”
• Plays “peak a boo”
10 month

12 month • Plays simple ball game

15 month • Points to objects

18 month • Domestic mimicry,follow orders,

2 yrs • Ask for food ,drink,toilet
3 years
• Parallel play,know sex,age,handedness
4yrs
5yrs • Group play
• Follow 3 step commands,identify four
colours,repeat 4 digits,bladder control
Language Milestone
2 month  Alerts to sound
3 month  Cooing
4 month  Laugh loudly
6 month  Monosyllables
9 month
 Bisyllables
 1-2 meningful word
12 month
15 month  Jargon speech
18 month  8-10 meningful word
24 month  100 words,2 word sentence
3 yrs  Ask questions,know full name,gender
4yrs  Song,poems,stories
5yrs  Asking meaning of words
  Newborn- follows objects upto 45°
Vision
 1 month- follows object upto 90°
 3 month- follows object upto 180°
 4 month-Fully established binocular vision
Hearing

• Newborn- startles in response to sound

• 4 month- horizontal localization of sound
• 6 month-downward localization of sound
• 7 month- upward localization of sound
• 10 month- diagonal localization of sound
Development Intelligence
Quotient(IQ) Quotient(IQ)

Developmental age/ Mental age/ Chronological

chronological age × 100 age ×100

DQ ≤ 70 – developmental Intellectual disability

delay 51-70- Mild
In more than 2 milestone- 36-50- Moderate
global developmental delay 21-35- severe
≤20- profound
Screening test Definitive test

Draw A man (Goodenough Bayley 2( most common)

Harmis fest)

Vineland adaptive
Denver 2 behaviour scale

Phatak’s Barooda Stanford binet scale

screening

Trivandrum screening Weschler Intelligence Scale

Thank You