THE

COLLISION
THEORY
General Chemistry

GROUP 1
 TABLE
of contents
01. DEFINITION 05. TEMPERATURE

02. ILLUSTRATION 06. CONCENTRATION

03. CHEMICAL REACTION 07. SURFACE AREA AND PARTICLES SIZE

04. ACTIVATION ENERGY 08. CATALYST

COLLISION THEORY
All substances are comprised of millions of tiny
particles in constant motion. These particles are
colliding with each other constantly in any substance.
All collisions between particles do not result in a
reaction. There are two factors that determine
whether a reaction will occur between two particles
that are colliding:

1. Substances or particles of reactants must

physically collide with enough energy.
2. Substance or particles must come into contact or
collide in the correct orientation (facing the correct
way).
Requirement 1: Molecules Must
Collide to React
Collision Theory provides a qualitative
explanation of chemical reactions and the rates at
which they occur. A basic principal of collision
theory is that, in order to react, molecules must
collide. This fundamental rule guides any analysis
of an ordinary reaction mechanism. Consider a
simple bimolecular step:

A + B -> Products
ILLUSTRATION
 Requirement 2: Not all
Collisions are Sufficiently
Energetic
Reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another provided
those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation. Particles that
lack the necessary kinetic energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off
one another unchanged.

The first collision is called an ineffective

ineffectivecollision,
collisionwhile the second collision is called
an effectiveeffective collision
collision.
 CHEMICAL
REACTION
When two particles collide, sometimes a chemical
reaction can occur, which means the bonds between
two or more particles are broken and reformed,
creating one or more new substances. The
substances or particles that enter and is changed in
the chemical reaction are called reactants and the
reactants
substances that are formed are called products.
products
 ACTIVATION ENERGY
DEFINITION:
The activation energy refers to the
minimum energy required for a reaction
to take place. When a collision provides
energy equal to or greater than the
activation energy, product can form. On
the other hand, if the particles have
energy that is less than the activation
energy, the collision is not effective, and
they just bounce off each other
unchanged.
 ACTIVATION ENERGY
DEFINITION:
The activation energy refers to the
EXAMPLE
:
minimum energy required for a reaction
to take place. When a collision provides
energy equal to or greater than the
activation energy, product can form. On
the other hand, if the particles have
energy that is less than the activation
energy, the collision is not effective, and
they just bounce off each other
unchanged.
 TEMPERATURE
DEFINITION:
Temperature refers to how hot or cold a
certain substance is. Usually, a rise in
temperature of 10°C doubles the reaction
rate. The rate of a chemical reaction
increases with increasing temperature. As
the temperature increases, collision
between atoms and molecules becomes
faster resulting to build up of more energy.
The increased kinetic energy will equal to or
exceed the activation energy resulting to
more collisions giving rise to a reaction.
 TEMPERATURE
DEFINITION:
Temperature refers to how hot or cold a
certain substance is. Usually, a rise in
temperature of 10°C doubles the reaction
rate. The rate of a chemical reaction
TAP WATER
COLD WATER HOT WATER
increases with increasing temperature. As
the temperature increases, collision
between atoms and molecules becomes
faster resulting to build up of more energy.
The increased kinetic energy will equal to or
exceed the activation energy resulting to
more collisions giving rise to a reaction.
Arrange the following samples according to the rate of solubility of sugar:
(1 -fastest,
(1 -fastest, 3-slowest)
3-slowest)
 CONCENTRATION
The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the
concentration of reacting substances. The term
concentration refers to the number of particles present in
a given volume of solution. Concentration may also
mean a measure of how much of of the solute
(something to be dissolved) is dissolved in a solvent
(dissolving medium) to form a homogeneous mixture.
So, a higher concentration means there is more of the
solute in the solution. If the concentration of the reactant
is increased, the rate of reaction also increases. When the
number of particles of the reactant is increased, there is a
great chance for particles to collide.
 CONCENTRATION
The rate of a chemical reaction is affected by the
concentration of reacting substances. The term
concentration refers to the number of particles present in
a given volume of solution. Concentration may also
mean a measure of how much of of the solute
(something to be dissolved) is dissolved in a solvent
(dissolving medium) to form a homogeneous mixture.
So, a higher concentration means there is more of the
solute in the solution. If the concentration of the reactant
is increased, the rate of reaction also increases. When the
number of particles of the reactant is increased, there is a
great chance for particles to collide.
 SURFACE AREA AND PARTICLES
SIZE
Surface area is the measure of how much
exposed area a solid object has, expressed
in square units. In a reaction between a solid
and a liquid, the more finely divided a solid
is, the faster is the rate of reaction.
Likewise, as you powdered a solid, its
surface area becomes greater, thus the
particles have higher chance of colliding
and faster reaction happens.
 SURFACE AREA AND PARTICLES
SIZE
Surface area is the measure of how much
exposed area a solid object has, expressed
in square units. In a reaction between a solid
and a liquid, the more finely divided a solid
is, the faster is the rate of reaction.
Likewise, as you powdered a solid, its
surface area becomes greater, thus the
particles have higher chance of colliding
and faster reaction happens.
CATALYST
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of
chemical reaction. By adding this substance, it will
speed up the chemical reaction without being
consumed in any given reaction. This process is
catalysis. In biology, lactase is an enzyme that
breaks lactose into simple sugar unit, is a specific
example of a catalyst. Catalysts can be divided
into two, Homogenous and Heterogeneous. In
Homogeneous, reactants are in the same phase. For
instance, liquid catalyst is in liquid system and gas
catalyst is in a gaseous system. While, in
heterogeneous the reactants are in different phase.
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Choose the correct answer. Write the LETTER
ONLY.

1. It explain why different reactions occur at different rates, and

suggest ways to change the rate of a reaction.

A. Chemical Reaction
B.Activation Energy
C. Collision Theory
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Choose the correct answer. Write the LETTER
ONLY.

2. It is a bond between two or more particles are broken and

reformed, creating one or more new subtances.

A. Chemical Reaction
B. Temperature
C. Activation Energy
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Choose the correct answer. Write the LETTER
ONLY.

3. It refers to the minimum energy required for a reaction to take a

place.

A. Concentration
B. Collision Theory
C. Activation Energy
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Choose the correct answer. Write the LETTER
ONLY.

4. It refers to the number of particles present in a given volume of

solution

A. Temperature
B.Concentration
C. Catalyst
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Choose the correct answer. Write the LETTER
ONLY.

5. It refers to how hot or cold a certain substance is.

A. Catalyst
B.Temperature
C.Surface Area
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer in each DEFINITION.

1. It is a substance that increases the rate of chemical reaction.

 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer in each DEFINITION.

2. is the measure of how much exposed area a solid

object has, expressed in square units.
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer in each DEFINITION.

3-4. The substances or practices that enter and is change in the

chemical reaction are called and the substances that are
formed are called
.
 QUIZ TIME!
DIRECTION: Write the correct answer in each DEFINITION.

5. The first collision is called .

HOPE
YOU
LEARNE