IMPORTANCE

OF
STATISTICS
Lesson 1
STATISTICS
from the Latin
word,”statisticus”, which
means “the study of people,
supplies, and others in a state”.
STATISTICS
is the study of the collection,
organization, analysis, and
interpretation of data.
STATISTICS
deals with all aspects of this,
including the planning of data
collection in terms of the
design of surveys and
experiments.
BRANCHES
OF
STATISTICS
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
 deals with the methods of
collecting and classifying
numerical facts known as data.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
 deals with the methods of analyzing
and interpreting data, as well as
providing conclusions or decisions
about an observation based on data
or its samples.
STATISTICAL
QUESTIONS
 How many hours does the
grade 7 students spend time in
studying?
(Summarizing Question)
 Do the grade 7 students spend
more time in social media than
studying? (Comparing
question)
Do students who spend more
time in studying do better in
exam? (Relationship question)
NONSTATISTICAL
QUESTIONS
 How old are you?
 What is your favorite subject?
 How many siblings does Elise
have?
Seatwork #1
Directions: Determine whether the given questions are statistical or
nonstatistical. Write S if it is statistical and N if not.
1. How many cars were sold each month this year?
2. How many days are in December?
3. How many goals did the basketball teams score?
4. How many hours per day do student in the grade 6 class spend
playing games?
5. What is your favorite color?
 USES
OF
STATISTICS
A. Statistics helps in providing a
better understanding and exact
description of a phenomenon
of nature.
B. Statistics helps in proper and
efficient planning of a
statistical inquiry in any
field of study.
C. Statistics helps in collecting
an appropriate quantitative
data.
D. Statistics helps in presenting
complex data in a suitable
tabular and graphic form for
an easy and clear
comprehension of the data.
E. Statistics helps in drawing
valid inferences, along with
a measure of their reliability
about the population
parameters from the sample
data.
 BASIC
STATISTICAL
TERMS
LESSON 2
Data – any information gathered
for an observation.

Types of Data
1. Quantitative data
2. Qualitative data
1. Quantitative data – variable that
can be measured numerically.

Examples:
 Weight
 Length
 Temperature
 Discrete data – are countable and
no decimals are involved.

Examples:
1. Scores of students in a 30 -item
quiz
2. Number of books in the shelves
Continuous data – are infinite and
has many possible values. They may
be measurements, decimals, or
fractions.

Examples:
1. Height
2. Age
3. Distance
2. Qualitative data – variable that
cannot assume a numerical value
but can be classified into two or
more nonnumeric categories.

Examples:
3. Color
4. Brand
5. Religion
Seatwork #2:
Letter B Letter C
1. Continuous 1. Qualitative
2. Discrete 2. Quantitative
3. Discrete 3. Quantitative
4. Continuous 4. Quantitative
5. Discrete 5. Qualitative
6. Discrete
7. Continuous
8. Discrete
9. Continuous
10. Discrete
Types of Measurement Scales

Name Type
Nominal
Qualitative
Ordinal
Ratio Quantitative
Interval (Continuous)
Nominal Level
• characterized by data that consists of names, labels
and categories only.
• data cannot be arranged in ordering scheme.
• no criterion as to which values can be identified as
greater than or less than other values.

EXAMPLE:
• Blood type
• College major
Ordinal Level
• involves data that may be arranged in
some order, but differences between data
either cannot be determined or are
meaningless.
EXAMPLE:
• Education level
• Economic status
Interval Level
• Data at this level may lack an inherent
zero starting point.

EXAMPLE :
• Temperature (Celsius/Fahrenheit)
Ratio Level
• an interval level modified to include the
inherent zero starting point.
• also the highest level of measurement.

EXAMPLE:
• Height
• Weight
• Area
Seatwork #3:
Directions: Identify whether the following is nominal, ordinal,
ratio or interval. Write N on the blank for nominal, O for
ordinal, R for ratio and I for interval.
1. Class rank - O
2. IQ level - I
3. Gender - N
4. Time - R
5. Religion - N
6. Age - R
7. Satisfaction level - O
8. Exam score - R
9. Political preference - N
10. Blood type - N
 Group for 4th Quarter

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

Teo Jo Lanz Lance
Dan Kiel Phiien Matthew Franz
Mark Job Thirdee Kharl
Jhustine Joshua Franxes Jed
Ashley Princess Niesha Tiffany
Athena Ysavell Rheyn Chinue
Aiela Kyzhy
Group Activity: Classify the given data.

Hair color Dog breed Marital status Nationality

Military
Letter Grades Birth order Place of birth
ranks
Agreement
Income level Temperature Length
level
Number of
Standardized
Family size test scores
students in a Speed of cars
class
Years of Number of
Sales figures Distance
education siblings
 Nominal

Qualitative
Ordinal

Discrete

Continuous

Quantitative
Interval

Ratio
 Marital Status Hair color
Nominal Dog breed Place of birth
Nationality Family size
Qualitative Letter Grades Agreement Level
Ordinal Birth order Income level
Military Ranks Years of education

Standardized test scores Years of

education
Discrete Number of students in a class Family size
Number of siblings
Distance Temperature Speed of cars
Sales figures Length Years of
Continuous education
Income level
Quantitative Standardized test scores
Interval Temperature
Number of students in a class Years of education
Speed of cars Years of education
Sales figures Length
Ratio Number of siblings
Income level
FORMULATING
STATISTICAL
INSTRUMENTS
LESSON 3
HOW HONEST CAN YOU BE?
1. You found someone’s wallet in the cafeteria, what would you do?
a. Return the wallet to the owner.
b. Return the wallet but keep the money
c. Keep the wallet and the money
2. You are mistakenly given Php50.00 extra change when you buy a notebook from the school’s book
store, what would you do?
a. Return the Php50.00 extra change to the cashier
b. Keep the money
3. An extra ten points mistakenly added to your score in the examination that made you pass the test.
Would you report it to your teacher?
a. Yes
b. No
4. You know that your teacher is not that strict during examination. Would you cheat on the exam?
a. Yes
b. No
5. Are you honest most of the time?
a. Yes
b. No
Statistical Instruments
1. Observation
• It focuses in determining the changes in
the attitude, characteristics and
behavior of people or other subjects.
• This technique includes watching and
recording actions and behaviors.
Statistical Instruments
2. Interview
• It is being performed through personally
asking questions to people who have the
authority or expertise to say something
about the data needed.
Statistical Instruments
3. Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
• It is used to know the thinking, feeling or
opinion, about a certain phenomenon, idea
and etc. FGD is conducted with a small group
of people with common knowledge and
common field (usually 6 to 8 people).
Statistical Instruments
4. Questionnaire
• If you have big number of sample, it is the most
practical way to use. You gather data through
writing. However, you must be careful presenting
your questions, since we need to consider the
culture, and characteristics of the respondents.
• You may use email, letter, or personally give your
questionnaire to your respondents.
Types of Questions
1. Closed questions
• These are questions which can be answered
with “Yes” or “No,” or they have a limited set
of possible answers (such as: A, B, C, or All of
the above). For example, ‘Do you wear
glasses?’ the respondent either does
(responding ‘yes’) or doesn’t (responding ‘no’)
wear glasses.
2. Open-ended questions
• These are questions that allow
someone to give a free-form answer.
Example, “How did you answer the
modules?
3. Multiple-choice questions
• These are questions that provide a certain
number of specific response options as
possible answers.
“How do you spend your free time?”
a. reading
b. surfing the internet
c. listening to radio
d. watching TV
e. others (please specify: __)
Statistical Instruments
5. Survey
• In a national level, surveys are usually
covered by the government and other form
of surveying organization such as National
Statistics Office (NSO). A survey can also be
done in small scale (i.e. a class of 25
students can be surveyed)
GROUP ACTIVITY
Directions: Do this task in a short bond paper.
HANDWRITTEN.
1. Identify a real-life problem that you are
interested.
2. Form a statistical question about the problem you
identified.
3. Formulate your own simple statistical instrument
that can be used to answer your statistical
question.