DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : U.Rajya Lakshmi
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Computer Engg.,
Institute : Govt.Polytechnic for Women,
PALAMANER.
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Computer Architecture
Subject Code : CM-303
Topic : Memory Organization
Duration : 50 Min
Sub Topic : Virtual Memory
Teaching aids : PPT,drawings
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 Do you Know

• Concept of memory hierarchy ?

• Need for hierarchy ?

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 Objectives

On completion of this period you would be able to

know
• The concept of virtual memory

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Virtual memory

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 Introduction
Contd..
• Main memory

– Fast and expensive memory

– Stores all programs currently needed by CPU

– Directly addressed by the CPU

– Short access time

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 Introduction Contd..

• Size of main memory is limited because of its

high cost

• limited size physical memory cannot store all

programs simultaneously

• One traditional solution to this problem is the

use of secondary memory

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 Contd..
Introduction
• Secondary memory
• stores programs and data that are not currently
needed by the CPU

• Communicates indirectly with CPU

• Much larger in capacity

• In a memory hierarchy system, programs and data

are first stored in secondary memory

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 Introduction

• To execute a program, CPU loads it from secondary

memory to main memory

• CPU can execute a program if it is currently available in

main memory

• Main memory cannot store a program whose size is larger

than its capacity

• Virtual memory concept elevates this problem with the help

of secondary memory.

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 Virtual memory Contd..

• A technique which allows a program to use main

memory more than what a computer really has

• The term virtual refers to some thing which

appears to be present but actually it is not

• Gives an illusion that more main memory is

available than what is physically provided

• is the secondary memory of the computer system

seen as main memory by application programs
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 Virtual memory

• Three main reasons for using virtual memory

– To permit efficient sharing of memory space
among different users
– To make programs independent of main
memory capacity
– To achieve high access rates with low cost per
bit

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 Concept of virtual memory
Contd..

• Only the active portions of the program become

residents of main memory at one time

• Remaining part of the program resides in

secondary memory

• When the main memory resident portion of the

program has been executed,it is sent to the
secondary memory

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 Concept of virtual memory

• Another part is then brought in to main memory for

its execution

• Thus a program can be executed by using virtual

memory technique

• Virtual memory space is much larger than the

physical memory space

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 Summary

• In this class you have studied that

• Virtual memory concept
allows a program to use main memory more than
what a computer actually has

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QUIZ

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1. Virtual memory concept is implemented with the
help of
a) Cache memory
b) Internal processor memory
c) Secondary memory
d) Read / write memory

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1. Virtual memory concept is implemented with the
help of
• Cache memory
• Internal processor memory
• Secondary memory
• Read / write memory

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2. Main memory is

• Fast and cheap

• Fast and costly
• Slow and costly
• Slow and cheap

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2. Main memory is

• Fast and cheap

• Fast and costly
• Slow and costly
• Slow and cheap

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 Frequently asked Questions
1. What is meant by virtual memory

3. Write the reasons for using virtual memory

5. Explain the concept of virtual memory

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