CHAPTER-17

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 WASTE
SUBSTANCES THAT ARE
• NO LONGER NEEDED.
• HAVE BECOME USELESS.
• NEEDS TO BE DISCARDED.
SOURCES OF
WASTES
WASTE IS USUALLY
GENERATED AT
• HOMES
• OFFICES
• INDUSTRIES
• FARMS
• HOSPITALS
 TYPES OF WASTES
WASTES CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS

BIO-DEGRADABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE
WASTE WASTE
BIODEGRADABLE
WASTE
INCLUDES ALL THE
WASTE THAT CAN BE
DECOMPOSED BY THE
ACTION OF
MICROORGANISMS
(BACTERIA OR FUNGI)
INTO SIMPLER AND
HARMLESS SUBSTANCES
WHICH DO NOT HARM
THE ENVIRONMENT.
NON-
BIODEGRADABL
E WASTE
INCLUDES ALL
KIND OF WASTES
THAT CANNOT BE
DECOMPOSED BY
THE ACTION OF
MICROORGANISM
S INTO HARMLESS
SUBSTANCES.
 SEGREGATION
OF GARBAGE
• Separation of garbage is
known as segregation of
waste.
• Garbage should be
segregated at the point of its
generation.
• Two colored dustbins are
provided by the
municipalities.
• Blue is for collecting non-
biodegradable waste such
as plastic,metals and glass.
• Green dustbin is for
collecting biodegradable
waste materials.
VIDEO TIME
RECYCLING IN
QATAR
DISPOSAL OF
GARBAGE
Garbage can be
disposed off by
adopting any of the
following practices.
• COMPOSTING
• LANDFILL
• INCINERATION
 COMPOSTING
Composting is a process by which organic matter,
such as leaves and food scraps, decomposes into
soil.
Compost is a type of organic matter that you can
add to soil to help plants grow.
To make it, you collect natural materials that you
would otherwise discard, such as food scraps,
leaves, and yard trimmings, and let them
decompose over time.
There are several reasons you should consider
composting at home. They include:
Waste reduction. Composting allows you to
recycle kitchen scraps instead of tossing them,
which reduces food waste and helps minimize
your environmental impact.
Soil enrichment. Compost helps soil retain more
moisture and nutrients. It also prevents erosion
by breaking up compacted soil.
Lower need for synthetic fertilizers. Unlike many
synthetic fertilizers, compost is free of harmful
chemicals and adds organic material to your soil.
VERMICOMPOSTI
NG
• Vermicomposting is
the process by which
worms are used to
convert organic
materials (usually
wastes) into a
humus-like material
known as
vermicompost.
• The goal is to
process the material
as quickly and
efficiently as
possible.
 LANDFIL
L
Landfills are sites designed to store
garbage. They are designed to minimize
the effects of the trash on human health
and the environment.

Landfilling is the final placement of waste

into or onto the land in a controlled way.
The definition covers both landfilling at
internal sites (i.e., where a generator of
waste is carrying out its own waste
disposal at the place of generation) and at
external sites.
There are three landfills in Qatar – Umm
Al-Afai catering to bulky and domestic
waste, Rawda Rashed for construction
and demolition waste, and Al-Krana for
sewage wastes.
 INCINERATORS
Incinerators are ​containers that is
closed on all sides for burning waste
at high temperatures.
Incineration involves burning waste
at high temperatures ranging
between 750°C and 1100°C in the
presence of oxygen to reduce the
weight and volume of the waste and
produce heat and energy . This
method is capable of reducing waste
mass by almost 70% and volume by
up to 90%.
Three types of waste to which
incineration is applied extensively
are municipal solid waste, hazardous
waste, and medical waste.
PLASTIC-A
BANE OR A
BOON
• The word ‘plastic’
comes from the Greek
word ‘plastikos’
meaning capable of
being shaped or
moulded.
• Plastic is made from
petroleum.
• Most items of our daily
use are made from
plastic.
 ADVANTAGES OF USING
PLASTIC
• Plastic is a light weight material.
• Less expensive.
• Water resistant
• Free from the attack of microorganisms
• It can be given any shape or colour.
• Long lasting and durable.
 DISADVANTAGES OF USING PLASTIC.
• Plastic is a non-biodegradable material and decomposes very slowly.
• The use of plastic gives rise to many other problems.
• Throwing of plastic bags carelessly results in blockage of the drains.
The stagnant water serves as a breeding ground for mosquitoes.
• The blocked drains could also lead to flood-like situation during heavy
rains.
• The kitchen leftovers when thrown in plastic bags are often eaten by
stray animals. The bag can block their digestive canal and may take
their lives also.
• burning of plastic releases toxic and poisonous gases which may
cause respiratory problems ,eye problems and cancer.
• In this way ,plastic can be curse for us.
HARMS CAUSED BY THE PLASTIC.
MINIMISING THE USE
OF PLASTIC
THE USE OF PLASTIC CAN BE
MINIMISED IN THE FOLLOWING
WAYS.
• AVOID USING PLASTIC BAGS.
• CARRY YOUR OWN JUTE OR
CLOTH BAG FOR SHOPPING
• USE PAPER BAGS INSTEAD OF
PLASTIC BAGS
• DO NOT USE PLASTIC BAGS TO
STORE EATABLES.
• AVOID LITTERING OF PLASTIC
BAGS
• NEVER BURN PLASTIC OBJECTS
AS THEY POLLUTES THE
ENVIRONMENT
• DO NOT DISPOSE GARBAGE IN
PLASTIC BAGS.
 BENEFITS OF
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
WASTE MANAGEMENT HELPS IN
THE FOLLOWING WAYS.
• Reduces air,water and land
pollution.
• Conserves natural resources like
trees and metals.
• Saves electricity and resources
required for making new
products
• Provides healthy and cleaner
environment
• Cost efficient
THANK YOU!
PREPARED BY
MS.NISHA REHMAN