Challenges to Peace in the

Philippines and Promotion of

Non-violent
By ; group 4
 At the end of the topic student will learn

1. understand challenges to peace in the Philippines;

structured violence, terrorism, and territorial disputes.
2. identify key armed groups MILF, and the npa.
3. learn about the conflicts; Bangsamoro and cpp-npa-
ndf
 At the end of the topic student will learn

4.know government effort; barmm and peace

talk
5.recognize the diplomatic approaches;
Multirateral agreenment and unclos
THE PHILIPPINE FACES SOME VARIOUS CHALLENGES
TO PEACE,
INCLUDING STRUCTURED VIOLENCE. THIS TYPES OF
VIOLENCE IS CHARACTERIZED
BY SYSTEMATIC AND ORGANIZED ACTS OF
AGRESSION, OFTEN PERPETUATED BY ARMED
GROUP, POLITICAL FACTIONS, OR CRIMINAL
ORGANIZATION
EXAMPLE; INCLUDE INSURGENCY, TERRORISM, AND
ARMED CONFLICT LIKE MINDANAO
 ADRESSING STRUCTURED VIOLENCE
REQUIRES COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGIES
THAT INVOLVE,
DISARMAMENT, DEMOBILIZATION, AND
REINTEGRATION PROGRAMS, AS WELL
AS POLITICAL DIALOGUE AND PEACE
NEGOTIATIONS.
terriosm
•Is a major social issue in the
Philippines linked to the Moro
conflict and the communist rebellion.
•The Philippines ranks in 18th place on
the Global terrorism Index’s 2023 list
of the most affected by terrorism.
terriosm
•Since the late 1960s, terrorism has
become a major problem in the
Philippines. These terrorist attacks are
often carried out by several militants
group with different ideologist and
motives. Such acts of terrorism include
bombing, extortion, mass murder,
Assassination and other types of
attack .
West
Philippines
sea
Our country have
another major issue
facing over territorial
disputes in the South
China Sea. Tensions
in the South China
Sea could contribute
The Philippines faces one
primary sub-national
conflict;
the Bangsamoro conflict, fuelled by
decades- long marginalization of the
predominantly muslim moro
communities in the southern island
group of the Philippines.
Nur misuari
•Is a Filipino
political and rebel
leader who is
founder and former
chairman of the
Moro National
• In 1971, he founded the
MNLF, which sought
independence for the Moro
people in the Southern
Philippines. The MNLF
engaged in an armed struggle
against the Philippines
government for many years.
 Second, the protracted armed conflict
between the government of the
Philippines and the communist party of
the Philippines- new people’s army-
national democratic front(cpp-npa-ndfp)
The cpp was founded
in December 26, 1968
and the npa was
formed in 1969 since
1971, the cpp/npa has
primarily conducted
attacks against the
Philippine
government.
Jose marie sison
• Founding Chairman of the Communist
Party of the Philippines, a political
consultant for the National Democratic
Front of the Philippines. Later was
exiled in New Zealand die in 83 years
old’.
• Their main goal is to overthrown the
Philippines Government, establish a
communist state, and expel U.S
influence from the Philippines
Cpp-npa-ndfp recruitment in school
• NPA the armed wing of the
Communist Party of the
Philippines (CPP), has been
reported to engage in
recruitment activities in
various schools in the
Philippines.
• The University of the
Philippines (UP) system has
• The NPA has been know to
target schools as recruitment
groups, attracting students to
join leftist groups first and
then recruiting them to be
party members, with the
final step being to join the
armed struggle in the
mountains.
The military has faced challenges
in confirming communist
recruitment in UP due to the DND-
UP accord, which was abrogated in
2021. The UP Administration has
expressed its openness to a
dialogue with the Department of
National Defense (DND)
To discuss the termination of the
accord and to provide more
information about allegation of
student recruitment for the
communist insurgency
 West philippines sea conflict
• The Philippines-China relations have been lately dominated
by the territorial disputes in the West Philippine Sea, which
has escalated since the naval standoff over the Scarborought
Shoal in April 2012 and aggravated by issues of Chinese
illegal occupation, unlawful establishment of infrastructure,
and encroachment within the Philippines’ exclusive
economic zone (EEZ).
West philippines sea conflict
• The Nine-Dash Line refers to China’s claim over most
of the South China Sea, which overlaps with the
territorial claims of several other countries. It’s a
contentious issue in international relations and
maritime law.
• The origins of the nine dash line can be traced back
historical maps in 1948 they inherited .
Nine Dash line Of China
West philippines sea
• China has been actively constructing and militarizing artificial
island in the West Philippines Sea, which has been a major
source of concern and the tension for the other claimant
countries. There have been numerous reported incidents of
harassment, including. Chinese coast guard and naval vessels
interfere with the operations of Chinese vessel ramming or
damaging Filipino fishing boat. Allegations of Chinese vessel
using laser devices and water cannons against Philippines ships.
 Non-violence
is a philosophy and practice that rejects the use of
physical force or aggression to achieve social,
political, or ideological goals. It is based on
principles of respect, empathy and non
cooperation with violence
How the government
promote non violent
The establishment of the Bangsamoro autonomous
region in the muslim Mindanao

• Is a part agreement between

the Government and the
Moro Islamic Liberation
Front (MILF) to resolve
decades-long conflicts and
foster stability and the
development in the region.
• The creation BARMM and
BTA under the political track
 The establishment of the Bangsamoro autonomous
region in the muslim Mindanao
• When President Duterte signed the
Republic Act 11593 which extended the
transition period of the BTA until 2025.
• The government aimed to set up the
region by 2016. The agreement called for
Muslim self rule in parts of the southern
Philippines in exchange for a
deactivation of rebel forces by the MILF.
MILF forces would turn over their
firearms to a third party to be selected by
the MILF and the Philippine government.
Peace talk process in cpp-npa-ndf
• The Peace Process started in 1986 after
the downfall of former President
Ferdinand Marcos sr.
• This Peace agreement aim to transform
the CPP-NPA-NDF into a political
movement if successful. The government
announced no immediate ceasefire, but
expressed hope that an eventual peace
deal would enable the armed forces to
focus on external or territorial defense.
 Peace talk process in cpp-npa-ndf
• The conflict has resulted in over 40,000 • Formal peace talks have not
deaths since the 1980’s. The
taken place since late 2017 ,
government has attempted to eradicate
the NPA , which currently has about when they were terminated
2,000 active insurgents. by then formal president
• In November 2023, the Philippine Duterte.
government and the CPP-NPA-NDF
agreed to resume peace talk, with the
goal of ending decades of civil strife
and addressing deep rooted
socioeconomic and political grivances
The national task force to end local communist
armed conflict (ntf-elcac)
• Is a task force organized by the government in 2018 as part of
its ‘’WHOLE NATION APPROACH’’ to respond and raise
awareness about ongoing communist armed conflict in our
country. After the administration of former President Duterte
formally terminated peace talks agreement peace talk
between the Philippines government and NPA in November
2017
• Former President Duterte administration, the government has
recorded a total 20,579 surrenders, which included 5,265
 WEST PHILIPPINE SEA
• Multilateral agreements can be
valuable in addressing complex
issues like territorial disputes in the
West Philippine Sea. These
agreements involve multiple
countries working together to find
mutually beneficial solutions,
fostering cooperation, and promoting
peace and stability in the region.
 West Philippine sea
• UNCLOS and International law: Both the
Philippines and China are signatories to the
United Nations Convention on the law sea
(UNCLOS) which provides a framework
for resolving maritime disputes. The
Philippines has also brought a case against
China to the permanent court of arbitration,
which ruled in favor of the Philippines in
2016 , thought China has rejected the
ruling.
Thank you