Operating System Services

Presented By: CH.VINEELA

Roll .No : 227R1A0509

CSE-A
Overview
Introduction to Operating System Service
Program execution
I/O operations
File System manipulation
Communication
Error Detection
Resource Allocation
Protection
Introduction to Operating
System Service
The operating system provides a range of services to applications and users,
enabling them to effectively utilize the computer's resources. These services
include program execution, I/O operations, file system management,
communication, error detection, resource allocation, and protection mechanisms.
By abstracting away the underlying hardware complexities, the operating system
ensures a seamless and efficient computing experience.
Program Execution
The operating system is responsible for managing the execution of programs on a
computer system. It controls the allocation of system resources, such as processor
time, memory, and input/output (I/O) devices, to ensure that programs run
efficiently and effectively.

The OS provides various services to support program execution, including loading

programs into memory, scheduling their execution on the CPU, and handling any
interrupts or exceptions that occur during runtime.
I/O Operations
The operating system manages various input/output (I/O) operations, including reading from and writing to
devices such as keyboards, mice, displays, hard drives, and network interfaces. It provides a standardized
interface for applications to interact with these devices, abstracting away the low-level details.

1. An Operating System manages the communication between user and device drivers.
2. The OS handles device drivers that communicate directly with hardware, translating high-level
requests into low-level commands.

3. Operating system provides the access to the required I/O device when required.
File System Management
The operating system's file system management
component oversees the organization, storage,
and retrieval of files. It handles file creation,
deletion, naming, and access control, ensuring
data integrity and efficient file operations.

A file represents a collection of related information.

Computers can store files on the disk (secondary
storage), for long-term storage purpose. Examples
of storage media include magnetic tape, magnetic
disk and optical disk drives like CD, DVD. Program
needs to read a file or write a file.
Communication

Network Communication
In case of distributed systems which are a collection of processors that do not share memory, peripheral
devices, or a clock, the operating system manages communications between all the processes. Multiple
processes communicate with one another through communication lines in the network.

• Two processes often require data to be transferred between them

• Both the processes can be on one computer or on different computers, but are connected through a
computer network.
• Communication may be implemented by two methods, either by Shared Memory or by Message Passing.
Error Detection
Detect Errors
The OS constantly monitors system components and processes to detect errors, such as
hardware malfunctions, invalid user inputs, or software bugs.

Classify Errors
Detected errors are classified into different categories, such as fatal, non-fatal, or recoverable,
to determine the appropriate response.

Respond to Errors
Based on the error classification, the OS takes the necessary actions, such as terminating a
process, reporting the error, or attempting to recover from it.
Resource Allocation
The operating system is responsible for efficiently allocating and managing system resources to ensure optimal
performance and fairness. This includes scheduling processes, managing memory utilization, and allocating
disk space to various applications and files. The OS must balance the competing needs of different processes
and users to provide a seamless and responsive computing experience.

In case of multi-user or multi-tasking environment, resources such as main memory, CPU cycles and files
storage are to be allocated to each user or job.

The OS manages all kinds of resources using schedulers.

CPU scheduling algorithms are used for better utilization of CPU.

Protection
Operating systems provide critical protection mechanisms to safeguard system resources, user data, and the
overall integrity of the computing environment.

To secure the system, operating systems implement multiple security layers, including user accounts, file
permissions, and process isolation. These layers work together to ensure that only authorized users and
programs can access and modify sensitive information.

A variety of protection mechanisms are employed, such as memory management, privilege levels, and secure
communication protocols. These mechanisms work together to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches,
and system compromises, ensuring the overall security and reliability of the operating system.
THANK YOU