Basic of Chartwork

BASIC OF CHARTWORK
• To plot position on the chart you require to

have two parameters i.e. Latitude & Longitude
or two position lines or one position line &
one position circle or two position circles. The
above mentioned parameters we are getting
in various methods. That can be Running Fix,
Horizontal Sextant Angle, Vertical Sextant
Angle, Three Point Bearing, Raising & Dipping
distance, Fish Triangle, Rendezvous etc.
Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas
Faculty,SEIET Kolkata
BASIC OF CHARTWORK
• Position Lines (PL) and Position Circles ( PC) can
be found by one of the below concepts.
• The following concepts give a PL :
• ( i) Bearing of a Light House or object.
• ( ii) A transit Bearing ( Two or more Terrestrial
objects in a line )
• (iii) PL of a celestial body ( Latitude by meridian
Altitude, Long by chron, Intercept / Marcq st.
Hilaire, Ex-meridian, Polaris)
BASIC OF CHARTWORK
• (iv) HSA = 00 ( Same as transit bearing )
• (v) HSA = 1800 ( PL is in between both the
Light Houses or objects)
• (vi) When a light has different Sectors of light.
• ( vii ) Depth contour on Chart.
• ( viii) When a light has an obscured sector

BASIC OF CHARTWORK
• How you will get Position Circle (PC) :
• (i) Radar Distance
• (ii) HSA (HORIZONTAL SEXTANT ANGLE)
• HSA ( Ѳ ) = 900 , HAS (Ѳ) < 900 ,
• HAS ( Ѳ) > 900
• (iii) Rising and Dipping distance
• (iv) First Sighted and Last sighted
• (v) Doubling the angle on the Bow
• (vi) VSA ( Vertical Sextant Angle)
•
When a Light has different sectors of Light
e.g. WRG
(i) PL is when Light changes from W ( White ) to
R ( Red ) or R (Red) to W (White) or W
(White) to G (Green) or G (Green) to W
(White).
(ii) PL is when R Lt. becomes visible or when G
Lt. becomes visible.

When Light has an obscured sector:
(i) PL is when light was obscured and now
becomes visible.
(ii) PL is when light was first visible and now
becomes obscured.

• When two Lights are equidistant:
• The perpendicular bisector is the PL.
• How you draw the bisector of straight line:
• Take a distance of more than ½ between two
lights and cut on each side (draw arcs on each
side). The line joining the 2 intersections is the
perpendicular bisector i.e. that perpendicular
is the PL (Position Line)

HORIZONTAL SEXTANT ANGLE
• 1. When Compass bearings of Lt. Ho. Are given
• a) If the Ship’s Compass Heading / Course is NOT
given and the compass bearings of the Lt. Ho. is
given,it is a HSA method.
• The side of the ship’s position can be found by
roughly plotting the compass bearings or is opposite
to land.
• When three compass bearings are given. First
arrange the Lt. Hos. Compass bearings from port to
starboard (clockwise) with respect to position.
• Then find the difference (i.e. HSA) between
the 1st & 2nd Compass bearings.
• Join the 2 lights.
• Do the same for the 2nd & 3rd Compass
bearings.
• There are 5 cases:
• Case 1: If HSA (Ѳ) < 900 , Case 2: HSA(Ѳ)>900
• Case 3: If HSA(Ѳ)= 900 , Case 4: HSA(Ѳ)=00
• Case 5 : If HSA(Ѳ) = 1800

• Case 1: If HSA (Ѳ) < 900 . Draw complement
angle=(900 – Ѳ) towards ship’s position or
seaside and centre of PC will be the
intersection of the 2 angle lines @ C,

• Case 2:If HSA (Ѳ) > 900 , Draw Angle=(900 –Ѳ)
• on the opposite side of the ship’s position &
centre of PC will be the intersection of the 2
angle lines @ C .
•

• Case 3 : If HSA(Ѳ) = 900 ,
• Centre of the PC is the mid-point (C) between
the 2 lights found by using perpendicular
bisector method.
• Take a distance of more than ½ between the 2
lights and cut on each side. Joining the 2
intersections will give the mid- point(C).

• Case 4 : If HSA(Ѳ) =00 , We get a PL.
• e.g. bearing of A is 3000 (C) & of B is also 3000
(C).
• The Compass Error can be obtained by
comparing the True Bearing from the chart
and compass bearing.

• Case 5 : If HSA(Ѳ) =1800 ,
• We get a PL.
e.g bearing of A is 2700 (C) & of B is also 0900
(C) .

• Example : Vessel @ anchor, 3 compass bearings of Lt. Hos.
Are given :
• P- 2800 (C), Q- 3550 (C), R- 0950 (C). Find compass error.
• Solution : P – 2800 (C)
• Q - 3550 (C)
• R – 0950 (C)
• P---------- 2800 (C)
• Q ---------3550 (C)
• HSA (Ѳ) = 750
• As HSA (Ѳ) < 900 , Angle= 900 – 750 =150
• Q------3550 (C)
• R ------0950 (C)
• HSA (Ѳ) =1000
• As HSA (Ѳ) > 900
• Angle = Ѳ – 900 =1000 – 900 = 100

CHART NO. 5047
Q2. At 0600 hrs UTC on 2nd February 1972, a vessel
anchored @ Carmarthen Bay observes the following:-
Watch Tower (510 42’N 0040 20’W)------ -----------0450 (C)
Rhossili Down Tr.(181) (510 35’N 0040 17’W) ---- 1180 (C)
Helwick Lt. Vessel ----------------------------- ----------1800 (C)
Find the (a) Compass Error
(b) Position of the vessel
(c) The deviation if variation is 20 W

• Ans.
• (a) Compass Error = 40 W
• (b) Position Lat = 510 37.1’N
• Long = 0040 26.3’W
• (c) Deviation = 20 W

CHART NO. 5072
Q3. A Vessel Anchored off YSTAD observes the
following Compass bearings :-
ABBEKAS LIGHT (550 23’N O130 37’E)--- 2980 (C)
YSTAD SOUTH (550 25’N 0130 49’E) ---0090 (C)
KASEBARGA LIGHT (550 23’N 0140 04’E)--0780 (C)
Find the Position of the Vessel and the Compass Error.


• Position of the Vessel Lat = 550 20.5’N
• Long = 0130 48.2’E
• Compass Error = 2.50 W

• CHART NO. 5072
Q.4.A Vessel @ anchor observes the following
Compass bearings :-
Christiano(S) Lt. (550 19’N 0150 11’E)---0650 (C)
Svanke Lt. (550 08’N 0150 09’E)---1610 (C)
Hammerodde Lt. (550 18’N 0140 47’E)---2840 (C)
Find the Vessel’s Position and the deviation on
the ship’s head.
• Christiano Svanke Hammerodde
Compass brgs. 0650 (C) 1610 (C) 2840 (C)
True bearing 0

Solution:-
Christiano(S)Lt.=0650 (C)Svanke Lt. = 1610 (C)
Svanke Lt. =1610 (C)Hammerodde= 2840 (C)
HSA ( Ѳ ) = 960 HSA ( Ѳ ) = 1230 (C)
Here ‘Ѳ’ is more 900 both the case.
So,Angle1 = 960 – 900 =60 Angle2 =1230 -900 =330
Position of the Vessel: Lat = 550 16.3’N
Long= 0150 02.7 E
Compass Error = 30 W
Q5. CHART NO. 5072
A vessel at anchor South of YSTAD observed the
following compass bearings:
Sandhammaren (55024’N, 014040’E) 0670C
Ystad (South) (55025’N, 013049’E) 0100C
Abbekas (55023’N, 013036’E) 3200C
Find the vessel’s position and compass error.
MMD Exam.,January 2014
Position: Lat. 55016.5’N
Long. 013048.1’E
Compass Error 30W.

VERTICAL SEXTANT ANGLE
We can find the ship’s position, by means of taking a
bearing of a light house or any terrestrial object and
obtaining the distance off that object by means of a
Vertical Sextant Angle.
Ship’s position can also be found by taking vertical
sextant angles of two or more suitable objects; which
in turn will give you the distance of the vessel is off
those objects. In other words each observation will
give a position circle and where, the two position
circles cut each other, will be the position of the ship.


Dist. off (in M.)=( Ht. of object) x1.854/Sex.Alt
= (60.5 x 1.854)/34.2 = 3.28 M.
With radius 3.28 M, draw the circle. That circle
will be the position Circle. If you have another
parameter, you can get the position of the
vessel.

• CHART NO 5047
Q.1. At 1730 hrs Bull Point LT. Ho. ( 510 12’N 0040
12’W) bore 1230 (T) and the vertical sextant
angle of the same light house was observed to
be 000 16’. I.E. 2.0’ off the arc
and the tide had fallen 2 meters below MHWS.
Find the vessel’s position @ 1730 hrs.

VERTICAL SEXTAT ANGLE
Height of Lt. Ho.= 47 meters ( From Chart)
Water fallen =(+)2 meters
Actual height = 49 meters
Dist. Off=( Ht. of Lt. Ho.) x 1.854/VSA
=( Ht. of Lt. Ho.) x1.854/000 16’+2.0’(off the arc)
Dist. Off = 49 x 1.854/ 18’ = 5.047 miles


Answer : Latitude- 510 14.8’ N
Longitude- 0040 18.4’ W


Basic of Chartwork

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Basic of Chartwork

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BASIC OF CHARTWORK

• To plot position on the chart you require to

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

• Case 5 : If HSA(Ѳ) = 1800

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

Prepared by Capt. P. C. Biswas

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