INTRODUCTION

TO
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
AND
CAREER PLANNING
CAR005

ASSIST. PROF. DR. ESRA AYDEMIR

eaydemir@biruni.edu.tr
Course Title Code Semester T+P Hour ECTS
Introduction to Biomedical Engineering and Career Planning CAR005 1 2 +0 6

Week Lecture Topics

1-Oct 11 Introduction to BME. Course introduction. Syllabus-V1
2-Oct 18 Biomechanics -V2
3- Oct 25 Biomedical Signal Processing-V3
4-Nov 1 Non-Electrical Biophysiological Signals and Their Measurements in Humans-V4
5-Nov 8 Source of Electrophysiological Signals in the Human Body: Action Potentials-V5
6-Nov 15 MIDTERM EXAM I
7-Nov 22 Neuroprosthetics and MEMS applications-V6
8- Nov 29 RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING DEVICES-V7
9- Dec 6 MEDICAL IMAGING TECHNIQUES AND key differences-V8
10- Dec 13 Radiation and Tissue Interactions-V9
11- Dec 20 Discussions-Career Planning-1
12- Dec 27 Discussions-Career Planning-2
13- Jan 3 Discussions-Career Planning-3
WHAT IS BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING?
An interdisciplinary branch of science that uses human physiology/biology/anatomy/ by blending
electrical principles, electronic systems, mathematics and physical sciences.

In addition; They are engineers who can develop devices and software in the health sector.
Fields in BME Discipline?
 Companies producing medical devices
 Representative companies in medical device sales
 Public Hospitals Associations,
 Private Hospitals and Clinics
 Ministry of Health
 Healthcare organizations
 Education-Research institutions
The Duties of a BM Engineer?
 To design, establish, create of technical specifications,
manage, repair, support technically of Medical devices and
equipment
 To ensure electrical safety and Iincreas the performance of
medical devices and equipment
 Artificial organ design,
 Providing technical usage training to users of medical devices
Writing technical specifications, arrangement and fulfillment of
device acceptance-inspection procedures
 Developing software on hospital management systems and
managing "
 Qualified Biomedical Engineer
 Analytical Thinking: BME should be able to analyze the situation enough
to provide an appropriate solution according to the needs of patients
and customers.

 Ability to communicate: BME, who is usually expected to work as a

team member, combines ideas and ensures integration

 Creativity: BME innovates as needed in healthcare devices and be

able to propose and implement creative changes.

 Mathematical reasoning: BME should be able to use advanced

computational and statistical methods.

 Problem-Solving ability: By understanding the problems defined to

understand the working principles of the human body, BME must
be capable of solving it.
BME - Historical Development
 In the 1840s, Hermann von Helmholtz used engineering principles in
physiology to measure the resistance of muscles and nerve tissues.

 In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen discovered that "cathode-raytubes" caused

barium platinocyanide-coated paper to glow, even when in separate
rooms, when a ray of light fell on his wife's ringed hand.

 Roentgen called these rays "X-rays" (unknown rays), which can even
pass through the wall of this tube.
  Willem Einthoven (Dutch physiologist) 1903 developed
the first electrocardiography (ECG).

27.09.201
7
BME – Important Developments in History
 In 1913, 'Sodium Citrate' was used to coagulate the blood.
 In order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, 'Sulfanilamide'
was produced and started to be used in the 1930s.
 In 1939, the first by-pass was performed (heart-lung).

 In the 1940s, 'penicillin' was produced and started to be used.

 Developed procedures based on medical technology.
 A catheter was placed in the heart, angiography was performed.
 Nuclear Medicine developed after World War II.
BME – Historical Development

1903

2003
BME range of content

 Biomedical signal and image processing

 Physiological Instrumentation
 Medical Informatics MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMs)
 Data banking in medicine telemedicine biomechanics biomaterial
artificial organs
 Medical Devices Simulation and modeling
BM Signal and Image Processing
 Electrical biological signals EEG (brain activities) ECG (heart
signals) EMG (muscle signals) ERG (retina graphics)

 Non-electrical biological signals blood pressure, blood flow rate

respiratory volume, heart sounds skin resistance

 Intra-body and extra-body imaging methods:X-ray, NMR,

Ultrasound, CT, PET, SPECT, tomography
Physiological Signals and Systems
 Realistic mathematical models and simulations: Cardio-Vascular system,
 skeletal-muscular system,
 the respiratory system,
 nervous systems

 Neuroscience discipline studies:Electro-physiology and biophysics

 Collection and analysis of physiological signals:EEG, EMG and ECG

 Medical Informatics
 Medical problem solving is a science that provides medical decision-
making techniques, biomedical information and data storage, access
to this information and optimal use of information.
BM Application Topics
1. medical education
2. Medical Information Network (Tele-Medicine,
internet)
3. Biomedical Modeling Systems
4. Biomedical Image Processing and Analysis
5. Biomedical Signal Analysis
6. Medical Expert Systems
7. Hospital Management Systems
8. Medical Record Systems (PACS, DICOM)
9. Medical Decision Systems
10. Clinical Information Systems (HIS, LIS,RIS)
11. Administrative Decision Systems
12. Health Information Standards (HL7)
13. Integrated Academic Information
14. Management Systems
15. Nursing Information Systems
Medical Informatics and Data Banking
 Storage of medical and biomedical information and data access and optimal use
of information Medical Record Systems
 Medical Decision Systems
 Clinical Information Systems (HIS, LIS,RIS)
 Health Information Standards (HL7)
 Radiological imaging and archiving systems
 DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) PACS (Picture
Archieving
 Communication Systems)


 Almost all major medical image device manufacturers such as GE

Healthcare, FUJIFILM, and Siemens DentaPacs, some medical
Information Technology (IT) companies, and some other
independent software companies have PACS software available.
 PACS systems
 PACS network connects to a main server via LAN or WAN, institutions that provide images to this
main server connect via the internet using web-based interfaces.

 VPN (Virtual Private Network) and SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) technologies are used to ensure
security in data communication. Some applications run on JavaScript or Java.
Telemedicine
 It enables the use of remote audio
and video communication methods
for purposes such as medical
education, treatment monitoring,
interdisciplinary consultation and
surgery monitoring,

 Especially radiology, pathology,

cardiology clinics and Medical
Education branches use Tele-
Medicine for biomedical
information exchange.

Istepanian R, Laxminarayan S, Pattichis CS, Emerging Mobile Health Systems,

Springer Press, 2005.
Telemedicine Patient access

Doctor access

Diagnostic station

Electronic
Health
records Telemedicine
https://youtu.be/sBvHrsogVUk