Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter Three
Chapter Three
Plant Design
Plant design:- broad function taking place in the origin of an enterprise
Plant
design
...etc etc...
Raw materials X
Transportation X X
Power X X
W1
W3
W2
M2
W5
W4
M1
1. Analytical techniques
Careful examination of the problem and utilize mathematics to search
optimum solutions
Usually the criterion or objective function is to minimize some cost
functions, often distance traveled chosen as cost function
E.g. if two facilities are located at points (X1, Y1) and (X2, Y2)
D = [(X1-X2)^2 + (Y1-Y2)^2]^1/2 …….where D is the Euclidean
distance (straight line distance in the case of interstate or intercity travel)
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
Warehouse Plant
capacity
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
M1 80.00 78.00 77.00 78.00 77.00 7000
M2 76.50 75.00 73.50 71.50 70.20 5500
Manufacturing
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
M1 80.00 78.00
2500
77.00
4500
78.00 77.00 7000
M3 5000
71.50
6000
70.50
1500
71.80 76.50 75.00 12,500
facility
W1 W2 W3 W4 W5
M1 80.00 78.00
4000
77.00
3000
78.00 77.00 7000
M4 5000
70.80
6000
72.00
1500
75.00 74.50 75.00 12,500
facility
W1 > W2
Understanding Ergonomics
Dimension of chair << worker’s body dimensions.
Ergonomics puts people first, taking into
Ergonomics Optimizing
Is
People
Tasks
Tools/Equipment
Workplace Design
Work Environment
Work culture
Work Organizations
Work culture
People consider points about physical capacities,
psychological drivers, expectations and individual differences.
Task Analysis considers points about performance measures,
quality requirements & what, how, when details.
Tools & Equipment considers points about design of tools to
suit (Persons and Tasks).
Workplace design consider points about layout of workplace,
workstation design, adjustability / adaptability and storage /
transport of items.
Work Environment considers points about physical,
psychological, chemical and biological.
Work Organization consider points about job design,
team based requirements, working hours / shift work,
rest breaks and task specialization.
Workplace culture consider points about management
commitment / leadership, communication / consultation
processes and feedback / performance management.
Noise
Vibration
Physical Illumination
Climate
Ventilation
Toxic gases
Chemical Toxic liquids
Odors
Chemical compounds
Working
Environment Fungus
Bacteria
Biological
Viruses
Insects
Team work
Command structure
Pay and welfare
Psychological
Shift work
Risk & Stress
Socio-psychological aspects
Goal of Ergonomics
Reduced error
Fewer injuries or illness
Fewer health problems
Increased productivity
Higher quality
1. Height
2. Weight
3. Sitting height
4. Buttock-knee length
5. Buttock-popliteal length
6. Breadth across elbows
7. Breadth across hips (seated)
8. Knee height
9. Popliteal height
10. Thigh clearance height
Percentile Humans
A- Sitting Height
C- Waist Depth
D- Thigh Clearance
E- Buttock-to-Knee
F- Knee Height
G- Seat Length/Depth
H- Popliteal Height
3- Reaching