Presentation

Basic Machine Organization

Name: M.AWAIS
Roll: No 19
TOPIC:
Basic Machine Organization
What is Computer Architecture?
Computer Architecture consists of two parts;

1) Instruction Set Architecture ;Which is

Software.\

2) Machine Organization; Which is H/W.

Instruction Set Architecture?
 Instruction , addressing modes instruction and data
format.
 Instruction Set Architecture.

“MACHINE ORGANIZITION”
 CPU , Memory , Input/Output.

 Information flow between components .

 Information flow control.

Some basic definition:
Computer: A machine that can receive and
store information and change or process
it.

Information : knowledge that is

communicated.
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER?
Computer are made up of two parts the
hardware and software.
Hardware: the physical equipment
required to create , use , manipulate and
store electronic data.
Software: the computerized instructions
that operate a computer, manipulate the data
and execute particular functions or tasks.
 Central processing unit(CPU): the chip or chips at
heart of the computer that enable it to process data. Also known as a
processor.

 MEMORY: An area within a computer system that holds data

waiting to be processed.

 STORAGE DEVICE: THE PLACE WHERE A COMPUTER PUTS

DATA.

 INPUT DEVICE : the device that allow data and instructions to

enter a computer ( keybord , mouse and scanner). Any resours required
for the functioning of a process, in the course of which it will be
transformation to one or more outputs.
 OUTPUT DEVICES: THE DEVICE
THAT ALLOW INFORMATION TO BE
represented (display screen or printer). The
product of the transformation of inputs by a
process.
Basic Machine Organization
Three fundamental components of the of
computer are used, which are;
 The CPU (control unit, registers)
 The memory subsystem(stored data)
 The I/O Subsystem (I/o devices)


 CPU MEMORY
address bus
Subsystem
 data bus
 control bus

I/O device
Subsystem

Each of those components are connected through buses.

BUS- physically a set of wires . The
components of the computer are connected
to these buses.
 Address Bus
 Data Bus
 Control Bus
Address Bus:
 Used to specify the address of the memory
location to access.
 Each I/O devices has a unique address.

(monitor , mouse ,CD-rom)

 CPU always outputs to the address bus and

never read reads from it.

Data Bus:
 Actual data is transferred via the data bus.
 When the CPU send an address to memory ,the
memory will send data via the data bus in return
to the CPU.
Control Bus:
 Collection of individual control signals.
 Whether the CPU will read or write data.
 CPU is accessing memory or an I/o device
 Memory or I/o is ready to transfer data.
EN D
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