Autoimmunity:

Like any complex multicomponent system, immune system is

subject to failure of some or all of its parts. This failure can have dire
consequences. When the system loses its sense of self and begins to
attack host cells and tissues, the result is autoimmunity.
When the system errs by failing to protect the host from disease-
causing agents or from malignant cells, the result is immunodeficiency.
A condition resulting from a genetic or developmental defect in the
immune system is called a primary immunodeficiency. In such a
condition, the defect is present at birth although it may not manifest
itself until later in life.
Secondary immunodeficiency, or acquired immunodeficiency, is
the loss of immune function and results from exposure to various
agents.
By far the most common secondary immunodeficiency is acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, which results from infection
with the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1).
 Disorders of immunity:
 Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance,
or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune
system to substances or tissues that would otherwise have the
capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism.
 It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen and contrasts
with conventional immune-mediated elimination of
foreign antigens (see Immune response).
 Tolerance is classified into central tolerance or peripheral
tolerance depending on where the state is originally induced—in
the thymus and bone marrow (central) or in other tissues and lymph
nodes (peripheral).