PROSES I

10 kg
1 bar 600 oC 0,322 m3
2,58 m3 Q=0 ΔP = 0

Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2 Kondisi 3

P2=P3 dan T1=T3

 10 kg 10 kg
1 bar 600 C
o
? Bar
2,58 m3 Q=0 ΔP = 0 0,322 m3

Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2 Kondisi 3

P1 = 1 bar
V1 = 2,58 m3 P2=P3 dan T1=T3
Ṽ1 = 2,58 m3/10kg = 0,258 m3/kg
T1 = ?
Dari steam table 8C
Saat P= 1 bar, T=75 oC, Ṽ = 0,00103 m3/kg
Saat P= 1 bar, T=100 oC, Ṽ = 1,69 m3/kg
Interpolasi Saat P1= 1 bar dan Ṽ1 = 0,258 m 3/kg, maka T1 = 78,8 oC

Dari steam table 8C

Saat P= 1 bar, T=78,8 oC, Ṽ = 0,258 m3/kg
Saat P= 5 bar, T=78,8 oC, Ṽ = 0,0010315 m3/kg
Interpolasi Saat T3= 78,8 oC dan Ṽ3 = 0,0322 m3/kg, maka P3 = 4,5144 bar
 10 kg 10 kg
1 bar 4,5144 Bar
4,5144 Bar
2,58 m3 Q=0 600 oC ΔP = 0 0,322 m3

Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2 Kondisi 3

P2=P3 dan T1=T3

Dari steam table 8C
Saat P= 1 bar, T=600 oC, Ṽ = 4,03 m3/kg
Saat P= 5 bar, T=600 oC, Ṽ = 0,804 m3/kg
Interpolasi Saat P2= 4,5144 bar dan T2 = 600 oC, maka Ṽ2 = 3,638 m3/kg

Dari steam table 8C

Saat P= 1 bar, T=600 oC, U = 3302 kJ
Saat P= 5 bar, T=600 oC, U = 3300 kJ
Interpolasi Saat P2= 4,5144 bar dan T2 = 600 oC, maka U2 = 3300,69 kJ
 10 kg 10 kg 10 kg
1 bar 4,5144 Bar 4,5144 Bar
2,58 m3 Q=0 600 oC ΔP = 0 0,322 m3

Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2 Kondisi 3

Saat P= 1 bar, T=75 oC, U = 331,9 kJ/kg P2=P3 dan T1=T3

Saat P= 1 bar, T=100 oC, U = 2507 kJ/kg
Saat P= 5 bar, T=75 oC, U = 313,8 kJ/kg
Saat P= 5 bar, T=100 oC, U = 418,8 kJ/kg
Interpolasi saat P3= 4,5144 bar dan T3 = 78,8 oC, maka U3 = 368,303 kJ/kg

P2 = 4,5144 bar
P1 = 1 bar P3 = P2 = 4,5144 bar
Ṽ2 = 3,638 m3/kg
V1 = 2,58 m3 V3 = 0,322 m3
V2 = 36,38 m3
T1 = T3 = 78,8 oC T3 = T1 = 78,8 oC
T2 = 78,8 oC
U3 = 368,303 kJ
U2 = 3300,69 kJ
 P2 = 4,5144 bar
P1 = 1 bar P3 = P2 = 4,5144 bar
Ṽ2 = 3,638 m3/kg
V1 = 2,58 m3 V3 = 0,322 m3
V2 = 36,38 m3
T1 = T3 = 78,8 oC T3 = T1 = 78,8 oC
T2 = 78,8 oC
U3 = 368,303 kJ
U2 = 3300,69 kJ
Kondisi 1-2
Q=0
W = P2.V2-P1.V1 = 161,6538 bar.m 3 atau 16165,38 kJ
ΔU = Q-W = -16165.38 kJ

Kondisi 2-3
ΔP = 0
W = P (V3-V2) = 4,5144.(0,322-36,38) = -16278,02 kJ
ΔU = U3-U2 = -2932,38 kJ
Q = ΔU+W = -19210,4 kJ

Total Kondisi 1-3 = Kondisi 1-2 + Kondisi 2-3

Q = -19210,4 kJ
ΔU = -16165.38 -2932,38 kJ = -19097,76 kJ
W = 16165,38 -16278,02 kJ = -112,64 kJ
Atau W = Q- ΔU = -112,64 kJ
 PROSES II

10 kg 10 kg
1 bar 0,322 m3
2,58 m3 ΔU = 0 4,5144 bar
Q=W
Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2

Kondisi 1-2
Q=W
Q = W = P2.V2-P1.V1 = (4,5144.0,322) – (1.2,58)
Q = W = -112,64 kJ

W proses 1 dan proses 2 bernilai sama, artinya kedua proses

membutuhkan beban kerja yang sama yaitu 112,64 kJ

Q proses 1 = -19210,4 kJ
Q proses 2 = -112,64 kJ
Proses 2 melepaskan kalor yang lebih besar yaitu 19210,4 kJ
 15psia 300psia

30% liq ?% liq

70% steam dQ/dt ?% steam
1 ft3 500 Btu/min 1 ft3
Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2

Vtotal = V1 = V2 = 1 ft3 = 2,832.10-2 m3

Kondisi 1
Vliquid = 30%. 2,832.10-2 m3 = 8,496.10-3 m3
Vsteam = 70%. 2,832.10-2 m3 = 1,982.10-2 m3
 15psia 300psia

30% liq ?% liq

70% steam dQ/dt ?% steam
1 ft3 500 Btu/min 1 ft3

Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2

Interpolasi data dari steam table saat P= 15 psia = 1,034 bar

Ṽ liquid = 0,001044 m3/kg ; H liquid = 421,39 kJ/kg
Ṽ steam = 1,6418 m3/kg ; H steam = 2676,43 kJ/kg
Massa liquid = Vliquid / Ṽ liquid = 8,138 kg
Massa steam = Vgas / Ṽ steam = 0,0120 kg
Massa total = 8,150 kg

X liquid = Massa liquid / Massa total = 0,998

X steam = Massa steam / Massa total = 0,002
X liquid = 0,998 ; X steam = 0,002
H1 mix = Hsteam. Xsteam + Hliquid.Xliquid
H1 mix = 425,90 kJ/kg
 15psia 300psia

30% liq ?% liq

70% steam dQ/dt ?% steam
1 ft3 500 Btu/min 1 ft3
Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2
Kondisi 2
Interpolasi data dari steam table saat P= 300 psia = 20,684 bar
Ṽ liquid = 0,001179 m3/kg ; H liquid = 916,439 kJ/kg
Ṽ steam = 0,09635 m3/kg ; H steam = 2799,07 kJ/kg

Dimana volume dan massa total = tetap (tidak berubah)

Vliquid + Vsteam = 2,832.10-2 m3 dan m.liquid + m.steam= 8,150 kg
Maka : 8,150 = +
Vliquid = 0,0093778 m3 ; Vsteam = 0,0189422 m3
m.liquid = 7,954 kg ; m.steam = 0,196 kg
X liquid = 7,954/8,150 = 0,976
X steam = 0,024
 15psia 300psia

30% liq ?% liq

70% steam dQ/dt ?% steam
1 ft3 500 Btu/min 1 ft3
Kondisi 1 Kondisi 2

H2 mix = Hsteam. Xsteam + Hliquid.Xliquid

H2 mix = 2799,07. 0,024 + 916,439. 0,976
H2 mix = 961,622 kJ/kg

Q = m.(H2-H1) = 8,150.(961,622 - 425,90)

Q = 4366,135 kJ

dQ/dt = 500 Btu/min = 527,5 kJ/min

t = 4366,135 kJ / 527,5 kJ/min
t = 8,277 min = 496,622 s

Pemanas akan meledak dalam waktu 496,622 detik

 1 2
100%
900 F
o
1000 psia
500 psia 1140 oF

W = 750 kW
Q=0
F1 = F2 = ?

Reklaitis Hal 420 :

ΔH + ΔPE + ΔKE = Q-W
Dimana : ΔPE , ΔKE = 0
ΔH = W
F(H2 –H1)= W
 1 2
100%
900 F
o
1000 psia
500 psia 1140 oF

W = 750 kW
Q=0
Alur 1
T1 = 900oF = 482,2oC
P1 = 500 psia = 34,473 bar
Dari steam table 8C, didapatkan H1 = 3410,49 kJ/kg

Alur 2
T2 = 1140oF = 615,5oC
P2 = 1000 psia = 68,95 bar
Dari steam table 8C, didapatkan H2 = 3687,59 kJ/kg

F(H2 –H1)= W
F(3687,59- 3410,49) = 750 kJ/s
F = 2,706 kg/s