PRESENT PERFECT

REVIEW

By Vera Landívar
STRUCTURE

 The Present Perfect Tense is formed using the following structure:

 Affirmative: Subject + Have / Has + Past Participle

 Negative: Subject + Haven't / Hasn't + Past Participle

 Question: Have / Has + Subject + Past Participle

PAST PARTICIPLE: REGULAR
 To form the past participle: add "ed" to the infinitive form of regular verbs.

 I have started the car. (start — started)

 She has worked as a cashier before. (work — worked)

 It has rained for three days now. (rain — rained)

 The store has opened. (open — opened)

 We've already talked about this. (talk — talked)

 You've watched that movie many times before. (watched — watched)

PAST PARTICIPLE: IRREGULAR

 Many verbs have irregular past participles. Unfortunately, you have to

memorize them.

 Examples:

 We have eaten all the cake. (NOT: we have "eated")

 I have done my homework already. (NOT: "doded")
 Help! My dog has run away. (NOT: "runned")
NEGATIVE FORM
 To form the negative, simply add "not" after "have" / "has":
 We can also use the contractions hasn't / haven't (has not = hasn't, have not = haven't)

 Examples:

 They haven't come to my house before.

 They have not found the restaurant yet.

 I have not started cleaning yet.

 My cat has not killed any mice.

QUESTIONS: Yes / No

 To form questions use: Have / has + subject + past participle

 Examples:

 Have you seen this movie before? Yes I have.

 Has the number 10 bus come yet? No it hasn’t.
 Have they gone to bed already? Yes they have.
 Has Marie lost weight? Yes she has.
 Have you missed me since I left? No, I haven’t.
QUESTIONS: Wh-

 The wh- question word comes before "have / has " and then the past
participle.

 Examples:

 How long have you studied English?

 Where has your mother gone?
 Why has the train stopped here?
 Who have they hired to organize the conference?
 What has the girl brought in her bag?