PHONOGRAPHIC

LEVEL OF
FOREGROUNDING

Lecture 2
 PLAN
1. Phonetic stylistic devices.
2. Graphical stylistic devices:
3. Phono-graphical stylistic devices.
expressive stylistic
means devices

logical and
modification of
emotional
meaning
intensification

exist in ready- created in

made form speech
 ALLITERATION
 This time, This place
Misused, Mistakes
Too long, Too late (Far Away by Nickelback)

 Hear Her Voice

Shake My Window
Sweet Seducing Sighs (Human Nature by Michael Jackson)

Whisper words of wisdom, let it be (Let it Be by The Beatles)

 Alliteration is the repetition of similar consonants in close succession,

particularly at the beginning of successive words.
 It brings attention to the lines in which it is used, and creates more
aural rhythm, melodic effect, emotional atmosphere.
 Alliteration is used in poems, in emotive prose, newspaper headlines,
the titles of books, idioms, proverbs and sayings.
 ASSONANCE

 Fire at the private eye hired to pry in my business

(Eminem)
 The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain

(musical “My Fair Lady”)

 Grace, pace, space.

(Jaguar)

 Assonance is the repetition of similar vowel sounds usually in

stressed syllables;
 It provides poetic writing with rhythm and musicality.
 ASSONANCE VS RHYME

 Oh, how the evening light fades over the lake.

Evening light flickers and will fade over the holiday parade.

I find this line difficult to complete in time.

I find this grind of coffee in a line of fine brands on the shelf.

 include the same vowel sound vs shared vowel and consonant

sounds
 ONOMATOPOEIA
“The Marvelous Toy” (By Tom Paxton)
It went zip when it moved
Bop when it stopped,
Whirr when it stood still.
I never knew just what it was
And I guess I never will.

“Fossils” by Ogden Nash

At midnight in the museum hall
The fossils gathered for a ball
There were no drums or saxophones,
But just the clatter of their bones,
A rolling, rattling, carefree circus
Of mammoth polkas and mazurkas.
 ONOMATOPOEIA
The Rusty Spigot (Eve Merriam)
The rusty spigot
sputters,
utters
a splutter,
spatters a smattering of drops,
gashes wider;
slash,
splatters,
scatters,
spurts,
finally stops sputtering
and plash!
gushes rushes splashes
clear water dashes.
 ONOMATOPOEIA

 Onomatopoeia is a stylistic device when a word mimics or

resembles the sound of the thing it describes.
 Onomatopoeia’s sensory effect is used to create particularly
vivid imagery - it is as if you are in the text itself, hearing what
the speaker of the poem/story is hearing.
 It gives rhythm to the texts, makes the descriptions livelier and
more interesting, appealing directly to the senses of the reader.
 It’s often used in children’s literature, comic books, advertising.
 TYPES OF ONOMATOPOEIA

direct indirect

 Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is."

(slogan of Alka Seltzer, US)
 “I’m getting married in the morning!

Ding dong! the bells are gonna chime.”

 Flags flutter and flap

frog croaks, bird whistles.
 GRAPHICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES

 areaimed at conveying in the written form those

emotions which in oral speech are expressed by
intonation and stress.

There are such types:

 emphatic use of punctuation,
 deliberate change of the spelling of a word,
 various types of print.
 PUNCTUATION
 It is used to express emphatic intonation of the speaker.
 The abundant use marks of exclamation (!) and interrogation
(?) in the text makes it emotional and expressive.
 Emotional pauses are often reflected by a dash (–):

Please – not that.

 Suspension marks (…) reflect various emotional states of a
character: disappointment, hesitation, embarrassment.
 The absence of punctuation marks may also be meaningful.
In modernistic literature – a stream of consciousness.
 STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS

“…a quarter after what an unearthly hour I suppose they’re just

getting up in China now combing out their pigtails for the day
well soon have the nuns ringing the angelus they’ve nobody
coming in to spoil their sleep except an odd priest or two for his
night office or the alarm clock next door at cock shout clattering
the brain out of itself let me see if I can doze off 1 2 3 4 5 what
kind of flowers are those they invented like the stars the
wallpaper in Lombard street was much nicer the apron he gave
me was like that something only I only wore it twice better lower
this lamp and try again so that I can get up early...”
James Joyce Ulysses
 VARIOUS TYPES OF PRINT
 Bold type
e.g. Muriel, I don’t know!
 Italics

e.g. Now listen, Ed, stop that now. I’m desperate. I am desperate, Ed, do you
hear?
 CAPITALIZATION
e.g. I MEANT yesterday.
 Hy-phe-na-tion

e.g. grinning like a chim-pan-zee

 M-m-multiplication

e.g. Allll aboarrrrd!

 S p a c e d l e t t e r s

They are used to indicate the additional stress of the emphasized

word or part of the word, recreating the individual and social
peculiarities of the speaker, the atmosphere of the communication
act.
 PHONO-GRAPHICAL STYLISTIC DEVICE

The b-b-b-ast-ud seen me c-c-coming.

You don’t mean to thay that thith ith your firth time.
 physical defects

Is that my wife? …I see it is, from your fyce… What gyme ‘as she
been plying’? You gotta tell me (London cockney dialect)
 territorial or social dialect

I gotta lotta things to buy. Whattaya doing?

 lack of education

Mon-sewer O’Hayer has come to see us.

 children’s speech
PHONO-GRAPHICAL STYLISTIC DEVICE
GRAPHON

 Graphon is intentional violation (change) of the spelling

of a word (or word combination) used to reflect its
authentic (original) pronunciation;
 It used in contemporary advertising, mass media and,
above all, imaginative prose;
 Graphon supplies additional information about the
characters of the literary work.
 SEMINAR 1
 lectures 1 and 2;
 textbook p. 5-15;
 ex. 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, pp. 8-11.