LOK SABHA &

RAJYA SABHA
The Indian Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It
consists of the President and the two Houses - the Lok Sabha (House of the
People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

By Kavya S
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Overview of Lok Sabha
Largest House
The Lok Sabha is the lower house of the
bicameral Parliament of India. It is the
largest democratic legislative body in the
world, with 543 directly elected members.
Tenure and Dissolution
The Lok Sabha has a maximum term of 5 years, after which it is dissolved. Early dissolution is
possible, as happened in 1999 and 2014.
Elected Representatives
Members of the Lok Sabha, called Lok
Sabha Members of Parliament (MPs), are
directly elected by the citizens of India
through a system of universal adult
suffrage.
Composition and Structure of Lok Sabha

Elected Constituency- Tenure and Speaker and

Members based Elections Deputy Speaker
Representation
The Lok Sabha, the Lok Sabha members The Lok Sabha elects
lower house of the Each member of the serve a five-year term, a Speaker and a
Indian Parliament, is Lok Sabha is elected with elections held on Deputy Speaker to
composed of 543 from a specific a periodic basis to preside over the
elected members constituency, ensuring ensure the democratic proceedings of the
representing the that every region of representation of the house and maintain
various states and the country is people. order during debates
union territories of represented in the and discussions.
India. legislative body.
Powers and Functions of Lok
Sabha
1. Passing of Bills: The Lok Sabha has the power to introduce, debate,
and pass bills, which then go to the Rajya Sabha and the President
for further approval.

2. Financial Powers: The Lok Sabha has exclusive control over

financial matters, including the introduction of the annual budget
and appropriation bills.
3. Oversight of the Executive: The Lok Sabha can hold the government
accountable through tools like question hour, no-confidence motions,
and the power to impeach the President.
Overview of Rajya Sabha
The Rajya Sabha, or the Council of States, is the upper house of the bicameral
Indian Parliament. It acts as a check on the power of the Lok Sabha, the lower
house, by reviewing and advising on legislation.

The Rajya Sabha has a total of 245 members, with representatives from all the
states and union territories of India. It plays a vital role in maintaining the federal
structure of the country.
Composition and Structure of Rajya Sabha

Members Representation Nominated Members

The Rajya Sabha, or the Council
of States, comprises 245 members.
Of these, 233 are elected by the
state and Union Territory
legislatures using the system of
proportional representation.
Each state and Union Territory is
allocated a certain number of seats
in the Rajya Sabha based on its
population, ensuring balanced
representation.
The remaining 12 members are
nominated by the President of
India for their expertise in various
fields such as science, art,
literature, and social services.
Powers and Functions of Rajya Sabha

Legislative Powers Oversight Powers Electoral College Role

The Rajya Sabha has the power
to introduce and pass bills,
except for money bills which
originate in the Lok Sabha.
The Rajya Sabha can oversee The Rajya Sabha is part of the
the work of the executive electoral college that elects the
branch through methods like President of India.
questioning ministers and
appointing investigative
committees.
Differences between Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabha

Composition
Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Parliament of India, while Rajya
1 Sabha is the upper house.

Representation
Lok Sabha members are directly elected by the people, while
2
Rajya Sabha members are indirectly elected by state
legislatures.

Tenure
Lok Sabha has a maximum term of 5 years, while
3
Rajya Sabha members have a 6-year term.

The key differences between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha lie in their composition, representation, and
tenure. Lok Sabha is the more powerful of the two houses, with greater legislative authority and a direct
connection to the will of the people through direct elections.
Role of the President in the Indian
Parliament
The President of India plays a crucial role in the
functioning of the Indian Parliament. As the head of
state, the President serves as the ceremonial head of
the legislative branch and has the power to summon,
prorogue, and dissolve the Parliament.

The President also has the power to address and send

messages to both houses of the Parliament, and can
nominate a limited number of members to the Rajya
Sabha.
Conclusion
Vital Pillars of Indian Democracy
The Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are the two
houses of the Indian Parliament, serving as vital
pillars that uphold the country's democratic
foundations.
Checks and Balances
The unique powers and functions of each house
create a system of checks and balances, ensuring
the efficient and transparent functioning of the
Indian government.
Complementary Roles
While the Lok Sabha represents the will of the
people, the Rajya Sabha provides a platform for
states to have a voice in the national legislative
process.
Ongoing Refinement
As India's democracy continues to evolve, the
roles and dynamics between the Lok Sabha and
Rajya Sabha will likely undergo further
refinement to meet the changing needs of the
nation.