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Lecture 4 - Noise in Communication System
Lecture 4 - Noise in Communication System
Lecture 4 - Noise in Communication System
Systems
Lecture 1
• Noise made by man easily outstrips any other between the frequencies
of 1 to 600 MHz.
• Sources such as: automobile, aircraft, electric motors ignition, electric
motors, switching equipment, leakage from high voltage lines and other
heavy machine
• The nature of industrial noise is so variable that it is difficult to analyze
System or in the receiver. Present in all electronic component and communications systems.
• This is the noise generated by any of the active or passive devices found in the receiver such as.
statistically.
• Random noise power is proportional to the bandwidth over which it is measured.
N = k TB watts
Where
is the direct current as the pn junction (amps)
is the reverse saturation current (amps)
qe is the electron charge = 1.6 x 10-19 coulombs
B is the effective noise bandwidth (Hz)
In = √ 2qIf
Normal conversation - 60 dB
A rock concert - 120 dB
P
P[ dB ] 10 log10
P
ref
• The above equation may also be used to express a ratio of voltages (or field
strengths) provided that they appear across the same impedance (or in a medium
with the same wave impedance):
V
V[ dB ] 20 log10
V
ref
EE 305_ Noise in communication system
decibels
Unit Reference Power Application
A) System BW = B Hz
N= Constant B (watts) = KB
B) System BW
N= Constant 2B (watts) = K2B
For A, S S For B, S S
N KB N K 2B
Resistance in Parallel
R2 R1
Vo1 Vn1 Vo 2 V n 2
R1 R2 R1 R2
R R
V R R 2 R2 T1 R1 R1 T2 R2 R R
____
2 2 4kB 2 1 2
n
1 2 1 2
_____
4kB R1 R2 (T1 R1 T2 R2 )
V 2
n
R1 R2 2
_____
RR
V n
2
4kTB 1 2
R1 R2
F = (Si/Ni) / (So/No)
NF = 10 Log F
OUT
S N
= S IN N OUT S OUT G S IN
S N
IN
F= But
OUT
N IN S OUT
Therefore
S IN N OUT N
F OUT
N IN G S IN G N IN
Since in general F v> 1 , then N OUT is increased by noise due to the active element i.e.
Na represents ‘added’ noise measured at the output. This added noise may be referred to the
input as extra noise, i.e. as equivalent diagram is
Ne is extra noise due to active elements referred to the input; the element is thus
effectively noiseless.
In order to determine the (S/N) at the input, the overall receiver noise figure or noise
temperature must be determined. In order to do this all the noise must be referred to the same
point in the receiver, for example to A, the feeder input or B, the input to the first amplifier.
Assume that these are now cascaded and connected to an aerial at the input, with N IN N ae
from the aerial.
Now , N OUT G3 N IN 3 N e 3
G3 N IN 3 F3 1 N IN
Since N IN 3 G2 N IN 2 N e 2 G2 N IN 2 F2 1N IN
If (Ro = Ri)
Av(dB) = 10 Log (Vo/Vi)2 = 20 Log (Vo/Vi) = 20 Log Av
Po and Pi can be substituted with Pfin and Pinit as in
Final and initial values of power source
Ap = 10 Ap(dB)/10 = 100
Po/Pi = 100
Pi = 550/100 = 5.5 mW
a) If Vi = 2 mV then Vo = ?
A v(dB) = 20 Log Av
Av = 10 Av(dB)/20
Av = 25.11