Lecture No 02

EEE-435

Industrial Electronics
Text Book: Chapter 02 Industrial electronics by Frank D. Petruzella

 2.1: Electric Symbols

 2.2: Ladder Diagram

Instructor: Usman Nasim

Electrical Engineering Department

1
Electrical Symbols
• The symbols used to represent industrial electrical and electronic
components can be considered a form of technical shorthand.
• The use of these symbols tend to make circuit diagram less
complicated and easier to read and understand.
• In industrial control systems, symbols and related lines show how the
parts of a circuit are connected to one another.
Electrical Symbols
• Not all electrical and electronics symbols are standardized.
• Different manufacturers use different symbols.
• Symbols used to represent switches consist of node points (places
where circuit devices attach to each other), contact bars, and the
specific symbol that identifies that particular type of switch, as
illustrated in Figure.
Fuse Electrical Symbols
Electric Symbols
Commonly used Abbreviations for electrical Terms
• An abbreviation is the shortened form of a word or phase. Uppercase letters are

used for most abbreviations. The following is a list of some of the abbreviations

commonly used in motor circuit diagrams.

• AC alternating current ARM armature AUTO automatic BKR breaker

• COM common CR control relay CT current transformer

• DC direct current DB dynamic braking

• FLD field FWD forward GRD ground HP horsepower

• L1, L2, L3 power line connections LS limit switch

• MAN manual MTR motor M motor starter NEG negative

• NC normally closed NO normally open OL overload relay PH phase

• PL pilot light POS positive PWR power PRI primary PB push button

• REC rectifier REV reverse RH rheostat SSW safety switch SEC secondary

• SOL solenoid SW switch T1, T2, T3 motor terminal connections

• TD time delay TRANS transformer 3PH three-phase 1PH single-phase

Electric drawing
• Electric drawings provide information on circuit operation, device and
equipment location, and wiring instructions.
• A variety of control diagrams and drawings are used to install,
maintain, and troubleshoot motor control systems.
• These include ladder diagrams, wiring diagrams, line diagrams, and
block diagrams.
Ladder Diagrams
• A “ladder diagram” (considered by some as a form of a schematic
diagram) focuses on the electrical operation of a circuit, not the
physical location of a device.
• A ladder diagram is schematic representation of an electric circuit.
• Two power lines connected to the power source, various circuit connect
across them.
• It provide information on circuit operation, device and equipment
location, and wiring instructions.
• Although a control device may have more than one set of contacts, only
the contacts used in the circuit are represented on control drawings.
Ladder Diagram
Wiring Diagram