The Purpose

of
Assessment
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 Introduction
Earl (2003) proposed three purposes of assessment
which are classified into assessment for learning,
assessment as learning and assessment of learning
 The Purpose of Assessment
Assessment for Assessment of learning/
learning summative assessment
1 to find out the students' 2 to get information about the
progress during a certain
students’ achievement of certain
term of learning process or
objectives.
block of instruction

Assessment as learning
3 to help students learn the material
(task or an activity that facilitate
students to learn.)
 Types
&
Approaches
to
Assessment
 Types and Approaches to
Assessment

Formative vs Summative Assessment

assessment for learning which is
typically designed to provide
feedback for the learners so that
the teachers know which a
improve
to make decisions for grading or
determine readiness for
progression
 Types and Approaches to
Assessment
Informal
to provide feedback for the teachers
about the students' learning progress
which is used as formative feedback.
Teachers' questions to the students
during learning
vs Formal Assessment
students are aware that the tasks that
are given to them is intended to
assess their achievement or
competence, e.g., a reading test.
Continuous vs. Final Assessment
 Types and Approaches to
Assessment

Continuous vs Final Assessment

ongoing assessment in learning
final assessment is carried out at the
experience, Continuous assessment
ends. end of a learning program. final
provides information which is useful
assessment is used for final grade
to improve teaching and learning
which belongs to summative
process. carried out before the
decision-making.
program On
 Types and Approaches to
Assessment
Process
assessment on how the steps or
procedures of doing something are
carried out. The result of process
assessment provides formative
feedback to improve students'
performance.a
vs Product Assessment
assessment of the product as the
outcome of a process. For example, the
assessment of speaking using oral
presentation about a project or the
assessment of writing using an essay
writing about a certain topic.
 Types and Approaches to
Assessment
Divergent vs
assessments which enable the students to
give various answers and responses in a
certain range to be considered correct.
this can explore the learners' cognitive
skills. However, it is more difficult to
evaluate and time consuming.
Convergent Assessment
in a convergent assessment each item
has only one correct response. This can
be seen in an objective test items.
convergent assessments are easier to
score than divergent assessments.
The differences
between
teacher made
test and
standardized
test
 English business vocabulary
Teacher made test Standardized test

Learning The teacher's oral tests are At their core, standardized exams are
objective designed to measure the designed to be objective measures. They
performance of students' skills like assess students based on a similar set of
listening and speaking in language questions, are given under nearly
learning. Written tests are designed
identical testing conditions, and are
to test the abilities of students'
knowledge comprehension and graded by a machine or blind reviewer.
written expression.
 English business vocabulary
Teacher made test Standardized test

Coverage of In this situation, the test objectives The test contents are derived from a
content is generally based on the learning large area of materials or subject
objectives, the test contents are matter.
taken from the course content, the
test takers are those who take the
course

Scoring Teacher-made or classroom tests are Standardized tests are prepared,

prepared, elaborated, administered, and administered, and scored by a team of
scored by one teacher. testing specialists.
 English business vocabulary
Teacher made test
Writing the items Teacher-made tests are normally
prepared and administered for testing
classroom achievement of students,
evaluating the method of teaching
adopted by the teacher and other
curricular programmes of the school.
Teacher-made test is one of the most
valuable instrument in the hands of
the teacher to solve his purpose.
Standardized test
writing refers to the process of
constructing the items required for a
given test or assessment. The people
who write these items are called item
writers. An educational or certification
assessment typically requires the
expertise of multiple item writers.
 English business vocabulary
Teacher made test
Factors They can predict the test content and
the scoring system as well. They can
even predict the type of items
developed by their teacher. Because
the teacher knows his students' daily
abilities, the ultimate score is taken
from some tests, and other
measurements.
Standardized test
there is no knowledge of test takers,
so the test makers can not relate the
test result with the test takers daily
abilities. If in a single sitting a student
gets a bad score, that is the result. It
has the high qualities of a test since it
has been tried out many times, to
measure its validity, reliability, and
practicality. The items tested are the
items which have been selected.
 English business vocabulary
Teacher made test Standardized test

Probable effect Often, studies find that testing Often, studies find that testing
on learning created to be high stakes leads to created to be high stakes leads to
the narrowing of instruction and the narrowing of instruction and
classroom curriculum. Especially classroom curriculum.
when tests influence major changes
and decisions in a student's life,
such as promotion, teachers choose
to teach to the test
Any question?
Thank you