PRE –

CALCULUS
Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 11
 PLEASE OBSERVE:

What can you say about these

pictures?
HYPERBOLA
 Is the type of conic section whose definition is similar to that of an
ellipse. Recall in ellipse, the sum of the distances between the foci
and a point on the ellipse is fixed. In hyperbola, the difference of
the distances between the foci and a point on the hyperbola is fixed.

As you can see on the figure, a

hyperbola is actually a pair of open
curves that are in mirror image.

Hyperbola is the set of all points P such that

the difference of the distances from P to two
fixed points, called the foci, is a positive
constant.
GENERAL FORM TO STANDARD
FORM OF AN HYPERBOLA
CASE 1: IF THE CENTER IS AT THE
ORIGIN
 If the center of the hyperbola is at the origin (0,0), two forms of
the standard equation are as follows.

Equation Transverse Axis Remember:

Horizontal the standard form of the equation of a
Vertical hyperbola depends on whether the transverse
axis is horizontal or vertical.

If the x²-term in the standard equation of the hyperbola is positive, then the transverse
axis lies on the x-axis where the curve opens left and right. If the y²-term is positive,
then the transverse axis lies on the y-axis where the curve opens upward and
downward.
EXAMPLE #1:
Convert the general equation 9x² - 4y² = 36 to its standard form. Then, identify
whether the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical.

Step 1: Divide both sides of the equation by its LCD.

Step 2: Simplify the equation.

Step 3: Write the equation in standard form.

EXAMPLE #2:
Convert the general equation 4x² - 18y² = 36 to its standard form. Then, identify
whether the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical.

Step 1: Divide both sides of the equation by its LCD.

Step 2: Simplify the equation.

Step 3: Write the equation in standard form.

CASE 2: IF THE CENTER IS AT (h, k)
 If the center of the hyperbola is at (h, k), the two forms of the
standard equation are as follows.

Equation Transverse Axis

Horizontal
Vertical
EXAMPLE #3:
Convert the general equation x² - 4y² + 6x – 8y + 1 = 0 to its standard form. Then,
identify whether the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical.

Step 1: Write the general equation.

Step 2: Group terms with the same variable.
Step 3: Factor 4 out of y-terms. (factor those terms that is factorable)
Step 4: Create a perfect square trinomial by completing the squares.
Whatever terms you have added to the left side should also be added to
the right side to keep the equation true.
Step 5: Simplify the equation.
Step 6: Write the equation in completed square form.
Step 7: Divide both sides of the equation by 4.
Step 8: Simplify the equation.
Step 9: Write the equation in standard form.
EXAMPLE #4:
Convert the general equation 6x² - 2y² + 12x – 8y – 20 = 0 to its standard form.
Then, identify whether the transverse axis is horizontal or vertical.

Step 1: Write the general equation.

Step 2: Group terms with the same variable.
Step 3: Factor 4 out of y-terms. (factor those terms that is factorable)
Step 4: Create a perfect square trinomial by completing the squares.
Whatever terms you have added to the left side should also be added to
the right side to keep the equation true.
Step 5: Simplify the equation.
Step 6: Write the equation in completed square form.
Step 7: Divide both sides of the equation by 4.
Step 8: Simplify the equation.
Step 9: Write the equation in standard form.