Applications Engineering Course

FY2001

The contents of this presentation

Drill Bit Technology:

are for training purposes and
internal use ONLY and are NOT to
be used for external use or
Drill Bit Selection customer presentations, as they
may contain sensitive information.
 Objectives

 Bit Selection Processes

 Which Bit to Choose?
 Roller Cone or Fixed Cutter?
 If Roller Cone:

Steel teeth or tungsten carbide inserts?

Projection and Pitch of teeth / inserts?

Journal bearing or roller bearings?
 If Fixed Cutter:

PDC or natural diamonds?

Cutter size & shape?

Number of blades, hydraulics, bit profile?
Bit Selection Process Overview
Bit selection is at the heart of a process
that begins and ends with the customer

CUSTOMER
Well Program

Summary Bit
of Predicted
Recommendations
Well Data Performance

Operating Hydraulics Economics

Parameters Calculation

Offset Product Pricing Drilling Fluids Request

Information Information
Influence
Mud Type
Mud Weight

BIT SELECTION
Geology
Influence
Rock Type
Strength
Stickiness
Abrasiveness

Directional Drilling Gather Data:

Influence Well Prognosis
Build & Walk rate reqd. Mud Program
Tangent angle Directional Plan
Drive type Offset Bit Records
Prior Offset FRR’ s
Drilling History Mud Logs
Electric Logs
Bit types used
Performance standards
Types of vibration

Parameters
Recommendation Analyze Data
 Selection Process

 Applications

geological knowledge is essential

enhanced selection process using offset bit records, well log
Analysis / GeoMechanics

bit selection should meet actual criteria necessary to fail
specific rock types and satisfy the cleaning requirements
 Bit Selection Process - Details

 Collect data

geology

offset bit records, mud logs, well logs
 Analyze the proposed well plan

length of hole sections, drill out casing?

drilling fluids

directional drilling objectives

geology
 Bit Selection Process (continued)

 Consider the rock’s properties


hardness / drillability / compressive strength

abrasiveness

stickiness

 Determine the “Engineering Classification” for the

rock
 Identify best candidates from the “Roller Cone Bit
Selection Table” and offsets
 Bit Selection Process (continued)

 Identify opportunity for fixed cutter bit


use “Fixed Cutter Selection Table”

PDC, TSP or diamond?
 Make an economic forecast

cost per foot

breakeven analysis
 Select the bit
 Check and fine-tune answer
 Estimating Compressive
Strength of the Rock
 Provide offset logs to Security DBS

sonic log, density log, porosity log

gamma

mud log
 Security DBS performs “GeoMechanics” analysis
 Results in a computed “strength log”
 Strength values matched to bits
Engineering Classification for
“Intact” Rock
Compressive ROP
Classification
Strength, psi ft/hr
Very Low Strength < 4000 > 70
Low Strength 4000 - 8000 35 -70
Medium Strength 8000 - 16000 15 - 35
High Strength 16000 - 32000 5 -15
Very High Strength > 32000 <5
 Roller Bit Selection Table

Mill-Tooth TCI
Classification
IADC IADC
Very Low Strength 1xx N/A
Low Strength 1xx - 2xx 4xx - 5xx
Medium Strength 2xx - 3xx 5xx - 6xx
High Strength 3xx 6xx - 7xx
Very High Strength N/A 8xx
 Identify Opportunities for PDC
Drill Bits
 Potential PDC Applications

long shale, mudstone or claystone sections

chalk, limestone, salts and anhydrite

gumbo shales with oil based mud

researched sandstone intervals

absence of hard, well cemented, angular abrasive sands

absence of chert, pyrite, quartzite

motor/turbine drilling (high RPM)
Identify Opportunities for Natural
Diamond / Impregnated Drill Bits


hard siltstones, sandstones

hard limestone, dolomite,

motor or turbine drilling (high RPM)

roller bit ROP < 6 ft/hour

roller bit footage < 50 ft per run
 Economics of Bit Applications

 Cost of the drill bit is not the concern!

 Performance is more important

projected ROP

projected footage
 Relevant cost parameter is “Cost per Foot”

includes raw bit cost

daily operations cost dominates

trip time must be considered
 Cost per Foot (CPF)

CPF = bit cost + rig rate (trip time + rotating time)

footage drilled

CPF = (C + R ( t + T )) / F

•Where:
• bit cost, C, is in dollars
• rig rate, R, is in dollars per hour
• trip time, t, and rotating time, T, are in hours
• footage drilled, F, is measured in feet
 Bit Selection Process - Summary
 Collect all necessary offset data
 Perform GeoMechanics Analysis
 Identify bit types for all intervals to be drilled
 Identify any PDC bit applications
 Make an economic forecast

cost per foot

breakeven analysis
 Select the bits
 Build bit program, operating parameters, hydraulics