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Biomass
Biomass is a sustainable energy source

Let’s start,

submitted by DHANRAJ JANGHELA

Introduction:-
Biomass is organic, meaning it is made of material that comes
from living organisms, such as plants and animals. The most
common biomass materials used for energy are plants, wood,
and waste. These are called biomass feedstocks.
Source of biomass:-
 Wood
 wood processing waste—firewood
 plant waste
 animal waste
 forest waste
 municipal wastes.
 Sewage
Advantages of biomass:-
1. As a renewable energy source, biomass is always and abundantly
available.
2. It has a carbon footprint of 0
3. It helps to minimize our reliance on fossil fuel.
4. Its more affordable than fossil fuels.
5. There will be less waste in landfills.
Disadvantages of biomass
1. Biofuels, derived from organic matter like plant materials and
animal waste, offer a promising avenue for renewable energy Land
Use Issues.
2. High Cost.
3. Food Security.
4. Energy Intensive Production
5. Limited Availability.
6. Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
Biomass conversion
Biomass conversion techniques refer to the processes that transform biomass into energy
or other valuable products. These technologies can be broadly categorized into
physicochemical, thermochemical, and biochemical conversion processes.
Thermochemical Conversion
It involves the use of heat to convert biomass into energy and valuable
products. It is mainly used to convert low-moisture herbaceous and woody
biomass energy. There are three primary thermochemical conversion processes.

1. Combustion:-
 It is one of the most straightforward and widely used processes.
 It is a process in which fuel is burnt with oxygen to produce heat and generate
steam. It is the direct process of converting biomass into energy.
 It can be used in various applications like cooking, heating, power generation,
and co-generation.
 Combustion is a process where carbon and hydrogen in the fuel react with
oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, resulting in the liberation of heat. The
combustion reaction is as follows

Fuel+ O2→ CO2+ H2O

2 . Pyrolysis:-

it is a process which converts biomass into solid char, liquid

bio-oil and combustible gasses by heating biomass in the
absence of air.
3. Gasification:-
converts biomass into syngas by heating it in a controlled
environment with a limited supply of oxygen. Gasification is
the thermal process which results in large quantities of
gaseous products with low char and ash formation.
Biochemical Conversion:-
.It is the process where microorganisms break down the
biomass to produce useful end products. The biochemical
conversion consists of the following processes.
1. Anaerobic digestion– It is the process of breaking down
biomass in the absence of air. This process leads to the
production of biogas, which consists of a mixture of
methane (55-65%) and carbon dioxide (35-45%) and some
impurities like hydrogen sulfide in traces.
2. Fermentation is the decomposition process by
microorganisms, mainly bacteria and yeast. Examples of
fermentation include the decomposition of grains, sugar to
form ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Physicochemical conversion:-
It is a process which involves physical and chemical processes to
convert biomass into energy. It is a process that encompasses various
technologies like temperature utilization, pressure, solvents and other
physical and chemical agents to modify the structure of biomass.
1. Torre faction is a process involving biomass heating in the absence
of oxygen.
2. Hydrothermal conversion is a process that utilizes high temperature
and pressure in the presence of moisture to convert biomass into
energy.
3. Supercritical fluid extraction it is a process which involves the
utilization of supercritical fluids like carbon dioxide to extract
valuable components from biomass.
4. Hydrothermal Carbonization HTC is a process that converts biomass
into hydro char or bio char by subjecting it to high temperature
(180°C to 250°C) and pressure in the presence of water.
Production of biomass
It is expected that by 2050, approximately half of the
world's energy demand/consumption (about 400 EJ/yr)
could be met by biomass and that 60% of the world's
electricity market could be supplied by renewables.
Thank you