WOMEN

AND WORK
IN THE
 Women in the production
Spheres
“ Wo m e n a r e k e y c o n t r i b u t o r s t o t h e
economy and to combating poverty
through both remunerated and
unremunerated work at home, in the
community and in the workplace. Growing
numbers of women have achieved
economic independence through gainful
employment.”

Josalyn
 The Right to Decent
Work
M a g n a C a r t a o f Wo m e n S e c t i o n 2 2
“The state shall progressively realize
and ensure decent work standards for
women that involve the reaction of
jobs of acceptable quality in
conditions of freedom, e q u i t y,
s e c u r i t y, a n d h u m a n d i g n i t y. ”

Josalyn
 The Multiple Burden of Women
1.Reproductive and productive work is what
feminist call the “double day” or “multiple
burden.”

2.If women work a way from home or take on the

night shift, their relationship with their family may
be compromised. This concern becomes an issue if
women are judged for taking on work outside of the
reproductive sphere.

3.Have gender- responsive policies in the workplace

that allow both women and men to fulfill their duties Josalyn
at home. Policies may include granting maternity and
paternity leaves and promoting means participation
in reproductive work.
 The Valuation of Care Work
1.Care work discuss the ways to
influence culture and society so that both
men and women can do care work.

2.Care or reproductive work is the

base of a society.

Jamaica
 The Nature of Women's Paid
Work.
Wo m e n ' s l a c k o f c h o i c e s a n d w o r k m a y
f o rc e t h e m t o t a k e d a n g e ro u s j o b s ,
assumes jobs that do not offer job
s e c u r i t y, o r m i g r a t e e l s e w h e re f o r b e t t e r
w o r k o p p o r t u n i t i e s . Wo m e n a l s o f i n d
themselves in part time jobs to balance
t h e re p ro d u c t i v e n e e d s . O t h e r s c h o o s e t o
p a r t i c i p a t e i n i n f o r m a l l a b o r.

Jamaica
 The Multiple Burden of Women
Wala na ni kay
• Reproductive and productive work is what
feminist call the “double day” or “multiple
burden.” nibalik na ni Ekis
• If women work a way from home or take on the
na ni
night shift, their relationship with their family
may be compromised. This concern becomes an
issue if women are judged for taking on work
outside of the reproductive sphere.
 Sex-Role Stereotyping at Work

Sex-role stereotyping pervades all

aspects of society-from what one
Jamaica assumes about men and women to the
types of jobs they can have.

M e n a re p re d o m i n a n t l y e m p l o y e d i n l a b o r- i n t e n s iv e j o b s , s u c h a s
"agriculture, hunting, and forestry; transportation and storage;
and construction.
" Wo m e n a r e l i k e l y t o t a k e o n j o b s t h a t a r e r e l a t e d t o t h e i r a s s u m e d
traits patience, understanding, and care. Hence, women are often
found in "education, community and health care, wholesale and
retail trade, service activities, and manufacturing.
 Women and Work in the Philippines

•The participation of Filipino women in the labor force

increased in 2013 about 49.8% of women and 708.1% of men
were engaged in the formal economy this figure merited at
0.1 increase in female participation rate and a 0.2 decrease
for male participation rate from 2009 to 2012.

•Reproductive responsibilities still hinder Filipino women

from fully participating in the labor force. This explains
why in terms of the labor force participation rare. Filipino
women have remained much lower than that of Filipino men.
Wo m e n c o n s t i t u t e o n l y 4 0 % o f p a i d l a b o r o u t s i d e o f
agriculture.

Jemalene
 Small- and Medium-scale Enterprises.

• P ro j e c t s t h a t c o v e r m a r g i n a l i z e d w o m e n i n t h e
l a b o r s e c t o r i n c l u d e t h e G e n d e r- R e s p o n s i v e
E c o n o m i c A c t i o n s f o r t h e Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n o f
Wo m e n ( G R E AT Wo m e n P ro j e c t ) , a g e n d e r-
re s p o n s i v e i n i t i a t i v e s p e c i f i c a l l y s e t u p f o r w o m e n
i n m i c ro e n t e r p r i s e s . T h e A d v a n c i n g P h i l i p p i n e
C o m p e t i t i v e n e s s ( C O M P E T E ) p ro j e c t i s a n o t h e r
endeavor that supports small and medium
enterprises. It is funded by the United States.

Jemalene
 Women in the Rural/Agriculture
Sector
• The Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO) recognizes
rural women as active economic
actors being among the landless
workers, traders of agricultural
and fishery products, and agents
in micromanufacturing enterprises
Jemalene
 Migrant Women
•Many Filipinos, including the younger generations,
aspire to go abroad as overseas Filipino workers
(OFWs). More than 10.4 million Filipinos or greater
than 10% of the national population are based
abroad.
•Balik Pinay! Balik-Hanapbuhay! Project (Return
Filipina! Return to Livelihood!). It aims to assist in
their integration of women overseas workers in
terms of skills training in entrepreneurship and
other business-related topics once they return to the
Philippines.
Jemalene
 Women in the Informal Sector
JosalynWo m e n re p re s e n t a m a j o r i t y o f t h e i n f o r m a l
sector particularly in developing countries.
T h e y a re a t t r a c t e d t o i n f o r m a l w o r k
b e c a u s e i t p ro v i d e s t h e m t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o
easily engage in paid work and earn income
w h i l e h e l p i n g t h e i r f a m i l i e s . Wo m e n ' s
s o c i a l l y d e t e r m i n e d re s p o n s i b i l i t i e s i n t h e
h o u s e h o l d l i m i t t h e i r o p t i o n s , f o rc i n g t h e m
t o c h o o s e w o r k t h a t i s o n l y a c c e s s i b l e f ro m
their home.
 Domestic Work and Domestic
Workers
• T h e s e p a r a t i o n o f re p ro d u c t i v e a n d
p ro d u c t i v e w o r k p u t s d o m e s t i c w o r k e r s
in a rather odd position. Domestic
w o r k e r s d o c a re w o r k ; t h e v e r y s a m e
tasks they assume in their own home.
• T h e re i s n o f o r m a l c o n t r a c t f o r t h e
women who engage in this work, and
m o s t o f t h e m a re n o t e d u c a t e d , c o m e
f ro m d e p re s s e d a re a s , o r h a v e
m i g r a t e d f ro m p o o r r u r a l a re a s . Josalyn
Josalyn The Sex Trade
•When talking about the sex industries, one usually
refers to the reproductive activity called coitus and
s e x i n c h a n g e f o r p a y. T h e s e x i n d u s t r y i s v i e w e d a s
a dominantly female issue because most sex workers
are female, and most buyers are male.

• S e x w o r k o r p r o s t i t u t i o n o ff e r s a h i g h p a y t h a n o t h e r,
low-skill occupations. The appeal of the sex trade is
obvious to women which have no other choice.
 delete this
•When talking about the sex industries, one usually
refers to the reproductive activity called coitus and
s e x i n c h a n g e f o r p a y. T h e s e x i n d u s t r y i s v i e w e d a s
a dominantly female issue because most sex workers
are female, and most buyers are male.

• S e x w o r k o r p r o s t i t u t i o n o ff e r s a h i g h p a y t h a n o t h e r,
low-skill occupations. The appeal of the sex trade is
obvious to women which have no other choice.
 Women and the Domestic Sphere.
•The sex-gender system that was defined by Eviota
highlights the divide between the reproductive sphere and
the productive sphere. As previously mentioned, the
reproductive sphere is the woman place, where she is said
Jamaica
t o h a v e p o w e r a n d a u t h o r i t y. H o w e v e r, t h e g l o r i f i c a t i o n o f
women who are delegated to the domestic sphere is mere
tokenism.

•While many marginalized women navigate through the

productive and reproductive spheres, it is the upper-class
that dictates the roles and place of women. As shared by
Eviora:
 Jamaica

•R.A. 9501 or the Magna Carta for Micro, Small,

and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).

T h i s l a w h o p e s t o c re a t e p o l i c i e s t h a t w i l l a s s i s t
w o m e n e n t re p re n e u r s i n v a r i o u s s t a g e s o f
development.
• R . A . 10151 or an A ct A llow ing the
E mployment of N ight Workers of 2011.
It is a response to Articles 130 and 131 of the Labor Code
of the Philippines.
The act aims to expand women's employment or work
options.
 Jemalen

•R.A. 10361 or the Domestic Workers

Act of 2013 (Batas Kasambahay).

The Kasambahay (domestic worker) Law

defines the labor rights of domestic
household workers, majority of which are
women, increases their minimum wage,
and provides regular employment and
social protection benefits.
 Law Short Title Approved Date

Republic Act No. 10361 Domestic Workers Act or January 18, 2 013
Batas Kasambahay

Republic Act No. 9501 Magna Carta for Micro, May 5, 2008
Small, andMedium
Enterprises (MSMEs)
Republic Act No. 9178 Barangay Micro Business November 13, 2002
Enterprises (BMBEs) Act
of 2002
RA No. 8425 Social Reform and June 30, 1998
Poverty Alleviation Act
 Law Short Title Approved Date

RA No. 8425 Social Reform and June 30, 1998

Poverty Alleviation Act

RA No. 8424 The Tax Reform Act of December 11, 1997

1997

RA No. 1105 National Rural Women's October 15, 1997

Day

RA No. 8291 The Government Service May 30, 1997

Insurance System Act of
1997
 Law Short Title Approved Date

RA No. 8289 Magna Carta for Small May 6, 1997

Enterprises

RA No. 976 Declaring 1997 as Anti- February 25, 1997

Migrant Trafficking Year

RA No. 8187 Paternity Leave Act of June 11, 1996

1996

RA No. 8042 Migrants Workers and June 7, 1995

Overseas Filipinos Act of
1995
 Law Short Title Approved Date

RA No. 7882 Provision of Assistance February 20, 1995

to Women Engaging in
Micro and Cottage
Business Enterprises, and
for Other Purposes

RA. No 7877 Anti-Sexual Harassment February 14, 1995

Act of 1995

RA. No.7699 The Portability Law May 1, 1994

 Law Short Title Approved Date

RA. No. 7655 An Act Increasing the August 19, 1993

Minimum Wage of House
helpers, amending for
the Purpose Article 143
of Presidential Decree
No. 442, As Amended

RA. No.7323 Special Program for March 30, 1992

Employment of Students
(SPES)
RA. No.7305 Magna Carta of Public March 26, 1992
Health Workers
 Law Short Title Approved Date

RA. No.7322 Increasing Maternity March 3, 1992

Benefits in Favor of
Women Workers in the
Private Sectors

RA. No. 6972 Barangay-level Total November 23, 1990

Development and
Protection of Children
Act
RA. No. 6938 Cooperative Code of the March 10, 1990
Philippines
Thank You