International Health Agency

MENTOR- PRESENTED BY-

DR ANIT KUJUR DR ANUJ KUMAR ANIT
ASSITANT PROFESSOR JRA 1
DR JESEENA K (SR) DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE RIMS RANCHI
MEDICINE RIMS RANCHI

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 Contents
• Introduction
• WHO
• UNICEF
• UNDP
• World Bank
• ILO
• FAO
• International Red Cross
• USAID
• Care foundation
• UNFPA
• SIDA
• ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION
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• Bill& Melinda gates Foundation
 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
• Also called ‘Geographic medicine’ or ‘Global health’.

• It is a field of health care, usually with emphasis towards public

health dealing with health across regional and/or international
boundaries.

‘Nothing on earth is more international than a disease.’

- Paul Russel
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 Classification
MULTILATERAL AGENCIES BILATERAL AGENCIES NON GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER
DONOR AGENCIES
World health organisation United States Agency for International International Red Cross
Development (USAID)
United nations international children Colombo Plan The Rockefeller Foundation
emergency fund (UNICEF)
The United Nations Development Program Swedish International Development Ford Foundation
(UNDP) Agency (SIDA)
World Bank (WB) Danish International Development Agency Cooperative for Assistance and Relief
(DANIDA) Everywhere (CARE) International
Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) Aga Khan Foundation

Interrnational Labour Organization (ILO) Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

United Nation Fund for Population Activities

(UNFPA)
Joint United Nations Program on HIV and
AIDS (UNAIDS)
Office of the UN High Commissioner for
refugess (UNHCR)
UN Fund for Drug Abuse Control (UNFDAC)
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 Pre-WHO Health Bodies

International Sanitary The Health Organization of Pan American Sanitary

Conference the League of Nations Organization

1902 1943 1948

1851 1923 1947

Pan American Sanitary The United Nations Relief World Health Organization
Bureau and Rehabilitation
Administration

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 Who is WHO?

The Global
Guardian Of
Public Health
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 WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
• The World Health Organization is a specialized, nonpolitical, health
agency of the United Nations.

• Headquarter - Geneva.

• The constitution came into force on 7th April 1948 which is celebrated
every year as "World Health Day”

• A World Health day theme is chosen each year to focus attention on a

specific aspect of public health.

• World health day theme- 2024 :"My Health, My Right"

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• The WHO is unique among the UN Specialized Agencies in that it has its
own constitution, own governing bodies, own membership and own budget.
• Objective - "the attainment by all people's of the highest level of
health"

• The preamble of the Constitution states - "Health is a state of complete

physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
• Two major policy developments have influenced the WHO.
• First, the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978 on primary health care which
provided both WHO and UNICEF with a common charter for health.

• Secondly, the Global Strategy for Health for All.

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  The World Health Assembly
 This is the "Health Parliament" of Nations and
the supreme governing body of the
organization.

 It meets annually, usually in May and generally

at the headquarters in Geneva.

 The Assembly is composed of delegates

representing Member States (194)

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 Functions of the Health Assembly are-
• To determine international health policy and programme.

• To review the work of the past year.

• To approve the budget needed for the following year.

• To elect Member States to designate a person to serve for three years

on the Executive Board, and to replace the retiring members.
• The Health Assembly also appoints the Director General on the
nomination of the Executive Board.
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  The Executive Board
• Now the board has 34 members.
• They are composed of technically qualified persons in the field of
health.
• One-third of the members are renewed every year.
• The Executive Board meets at least twice a year, generally in
January and shortly after the meeting of the World Health Assembly
in May.
• The main work of the Board is to give effect to the decisions and
policies of the Assembly.
• The Board also has power to take action itself in an emergency, such
as epidemics, earthquakes and floods where immediate action is
needed. 13
  The Secretariat
• The secretariat is headed by the Director General who is the chief
technical and administrative officer of the Organization.

• The primary function of the WHO secretariat :-

• To provide Member States with technical and managerial support for their
national health development programmes.

• At WHO headquarters in Geneva, there are 5 Assistant Director Generals

each of whom is responsible for the work of such divisions as may from time
to time be assigned to him by the Director General.

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WHO Regional Organizations

SN Region Headquarters

1. South East Asia Region New Delhi

Brazzaville( Co
2. Africa
ngo )

Washington
3. The Americas
D.C. (U.S.A.)

Copenhagen
4. Europe
(Denmark)

Alexandria
5. Eastern mediterrianean
(Egypt)

Manila
6. Western pacific
(Phillipines)
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  Work of WHO

1. Prevention and Control of specific Diseases.

2. Development of Comprehensive Health Services
3. Family Health
4. Environmental Health
5. Health Statistics
6. Bio-Medical Research
7. Health Literature and Information
8. Cooperation with Other Organization
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 UNICEF
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund

• Headquarter: New York City

• It was established in 1946 by the United Nations General Assembly to

deal with rehabilitation of children in war ravaged countries.

• In 1953, when the emergency functions were over, the General

Assembly gave it a new name "U.N. Children's Fund" but retained the
initials, UNICEF.

• UNICEF is governed by a thirty-nation Executive Board 17

 SERVICES PROVIDED
1.CHILD HEALTH:
• Provides aid for the production of vaccines and sera.
• Assisted environmental sanitation programs for safe and sufficient
water for drinking and household work.
• Providing Primary Health Care: Mother and Children

(immunization, infant and young child care, family planning, safe water and
adequate sanitation)
• Local community participation  planning personnel and material
support
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Cont..
2. CHILD NUTRITION:
• 1950’s  Low cost protein rich foods
• Along with FAO  began “applied nutrition.”

E.g. Agriculture extension, helped population to grow and eat food for
better nutrition.
• Supplied equipment's for modern dairy plant to various countries.
• Provision of large dose of Vitamin A ( xerophthalmia is prevalent)
• Enrichment of salt with iodine in regions with endemic goiter.
• Provision of iron and folic acid to combat anaemias
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 Cont..
3. FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE:
• Improve the care of children both within and outside their homes by giving
parent education, opening day care centers, child welfare and youth
agencies and women’s club for training.

4. EDUCATION – FORMAL AND NON – FORMAL :

• Works in collaboration with UNESCO.
• Assist India in Improving teaching sciences, Library books, Laboratory
equipment's ,workshop tools, audiovisual aids .

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 UNICEF’S G.O.B.I. — FFF PROGRAMS
1. Growth Charts : Monitor child development.
2. Oral Rehydration: Treat all mild and moderate
dehydration .
3. Breast Feeding: Which can ensure that infants have the
best possible food and a considerable degree of immunity
from common infections during the first six months of life.
4. Immunization: Against measles, diphtheria, whooping
cough, tetanus, tuberculosis, and polio.
4.Food Supplement
5.Family Planning
7.Female education

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 UNDP
• UNDP was established on 22nd November 1965.
• Headquarters is in New York City.
Functions of UNDP :
• Provides funding for technical assistance and research activities.

• It offers expert advice, training and grants support to developing

countries, with growing emphasis on support to the least developed countries.

• It emphasizes largely on sustainable development, democratic

governance, peace building, environment and catastrophe resilience.

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 WORLD BANK
• Established in 1944.
• Headquarters is in Washington, DC.
• Functions of World Bank :
• It provides loan for the projects related to the building of
infrastructure such as road, dams, irrigation and electrical grids.

• Its Important role in to fighting against poverty, ensuring economic growth

and improving the quality of life in developing countries.

• The World Bank Group assists in the government’s efforts to reach

universal health coverage (UHC) by the year 2030.
• World Bank is working on health, nutrition and population strategy to
improve the health outcomes at all national and international levels. 23
 ILO
• Established in the year 1919 .
Headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland.
• Functions of ILO
• The ILO is devoted for social justice and human
rights protection.
• It sets labor standards and develops policies as well
as programs to improve working environment for all
individuals.
• Organization has made strategy of social health
protection to achieve the universal access to health
care
• The organization runs the International Program on
the Elimination of Child Labor (IPEC). 24
 FAO (1945)
• Established in 1945.
• Headquarters in Rome, Italy.
Functions of FAO :
• It provides services to reduce hunger, food insecurity and
undernourishment.
• It makes farming, forestry and fisheries more productive and
sustainable.
• Assist in reducing rural poverty by social protection.
• Supports in finding better techniques for rural people to deal
with threats in their surrounding atmosphere. 25
 THE INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS
AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT
• 1859, Henry Dunant came upon the scene of battle in solferino
Italy. 40,000 men lay dead or dying on the battlefield and the
wounded were lacking medical attention.
• Dunant organized local people to bind the soldier's wounds and
to feed and comfort them.
• He called for creation of national relief society to assist those
wounded in war.
• 1863 – The red cross was born.
• The international red cross and red crescent movement is the
worlds largest humanitarian network, with presence and activity
in every country.

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 THE INDIAN RED CROSS SOCIETY
• Came into existence in 1920 through Indian parliamentary act.
• 700 branches through out country providing relief in times of
disasters/emergencies
• Promote health of vulnerable people and communities.

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 USAID
The US Government presently extends aid to India through three agencies :
(1)United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
(2)The Public Law 480 (Food for Peace) Programme .
(3) The US Export-Import Bank .

 The US government is assisting in a number of projects designed improve

the health of Indian people.

1)Malaria eradication
2)Medical education
3)Nursing education
4)Health education
5)Water supply and sanitation
6)Control of communicable diseases
7)Nutrition
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8)Family planning
 Care
• Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere” founded in North America
in the wake of the second world war in the year 1945.
• Activities:
• CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in
developments of programmes in areas of health and income supplementation.
• Integrated nutrition and health projects,
• Anaemia control project,
• Improving women’s health projects,
• improved health care for adolescent's girls projects,
• child survival projects,
• Improving women’s reproductive health and
• family spacing project. 29
 UNFPA
• The United Nations Population Fund, is the lead UN
agency.
• UNFPA supports healthy families by:
• Training health workers to deliver quality family planning
services.

• Supplying contraceptives.

• Ensuring youth-friendly reproductive health care.

• Providing counselling and choices to women who want to

avoid or delay pregnancy.

• Educating men on the benefits of birth spacing. 30

 DANIDA
• Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA),
provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other
countries, with focus on developing countries.

• Four main priority areas:-

• Human rights and democracy.
• Green growth.
• Social progress.
• Stability and protection.

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 SIDA
• Provide assistance in the projects pertaining to primary health sector with
chief focus on reproductive health and rights of females.
• Help in environment and urban development with focus on water and
sanitation and waste management, air and noise pollution.
• Assist in research cooperation and mutual exchange in the field of
knowledge and technology.
• Assistance through UN agencies/NGOs in health, water and sanitation
programs.
• Assisting revised national tuberculosis control program with microscope,
X-ray units and drugs including pilot project on short course chemotherapy
in India.

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 ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION

• Concern with medical education, public health, social science and

agricultural sciences.
• Help in Establishment of AIIPH Calcutta, AIIMS Delhi, KGMC Lucknow.
CMC Vellore, National Institute of Virology Pune.
• Sponsor educational visits for advance training of health professional,
sponsor visit of specialist from USA.
• Grant in Aid for research activities
• Also giving support for improvement of agriculture, family planning and
rural development.

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Bill and Melinda Gates foundation

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 Contd…
• delivers proven tools—including vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics
• discover pathbreaking new solutions that are affordable and reliable.
• invest heavily in vaccines to prevent infectious diseases—including
HIV, polio, and malaria
• support the development of integrated health solutions for family
planning, nutrition, and maternal and child health.

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 REFERENCES
1. 1.K Park. International Health In: Park’s Textbook of Preventive and
Social Medicine; 27th edn. Jabalpur, M/s Banarsidas Bhanot Publishers:
2023. pp 1025-32.
2. 2.AM KADRI et al. International Health Agency .In: IAPSM texbook of
community medicine;2nd edn. New delhi ,jaypee brothers medical
publishers :2021 pp 825-30.
3. 3. J Kishore .National and International Health Organization .National
health programs of india ;12th edn.New delhi ,Century publications :2017
pp 963-85.
4. https://www.who.int.
5. https://www.unicef.org.
6. https://www.worldbank.org.
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 QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Classify International health organizations and Specify with examples.
2. What were the Pre-WHO health bodies?
3. What are the core functions of WHO?
4. What is the primary function of the WHO secretariat?
5. What is the theme of World health day in 2024?
6. What is UNICEF’s GOBIFFF program on child survival strategy?
7. Describe the functions of the World Bank.
8. What are the three agencies through which the US Government extends aid to
India?
9. What are the main priority areas of DANIDA?
10.How does the UNFPA support Healthy families? Specify.

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THANK YOU

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