Classification of tillage

Primary Tillage
1. Country or Indigenous plough
2. Mold board plough
3. Disc Plough
4. Rotary tiller
5. Chisel plough
Secondary tillage
1. Harrow
2. Bund former
3. Ridger
4. Puddler
5. Leveller
6. Cultivators
Harrow Use & Types
1. Lighter operation than tillage
2. Cut the soil to shallow depth
3. Smoothing and pulverizing of soil
4. Cut the weeds

a) Disc harrow
b) Spike tooth harrow
c) Spring tooth harrow
d) Acme harrow
e) Patela
f) Triangular harrow
g) Blade harrow
h) Guntaka
i) Reciprocating power harrow
7) Blade harrow (Bakhar)

a) One or more blades attached to the

beam or frame
b) Used to prepare seedbeds mostly in
clayey soils
c) Works like a sweep
8) Guntaka
a) One or more blades attached to the
beam or frame
b) Used to prepare seedbeds mostly in
clayey soils
c) Works like a sweep
9) Reciprocating power harrow
a) Two horizontal oscillating arms having
staggered pegs
b) Slider crank mechanisms provide
power from power tiller PTO
c) The amplitude of vibration is 200 mm
and the frequency is 400 cycles per
minute
d) Oscillating pegs breaks the clod,
pulverizes the soil
2) Bund Former
a) Making bunds or ridges
b) Bunds are required to hold water in
the soil
c) Consists of forming board, beam and
handle
3) Ridger
a) Form ridges required for sowing row
crop
b) Forming field or channels, earthing up
c) ‘V’ shaped or wedge shaped share
fitted
d) Consists of beam, clevis, frog, handle,
mould boards, share and sliding share
4) Puddler
a) Churning the soil with water
b) Prepare paddy fields with standing
water
c) To kill the weeds by decomposition
and to facilitate transplantation of
paddy
d) Four or paddles or fan type blades or
squirrel type blade on an axle
5) Leveler
a) Permanent improvement in the value
of land
b) Improved surface drainage, minimum
soil erosion, increased conservation of
rain water
 6) Cultivator
1) Intercultural the fields.
Types 2) Destroy the weeds in the field.
a) Disc cultivator 3) Aerate the soil
b) Rotary cultivator 4) Conserve moisture
c) Tine cultivator 5) To sow seeds
d) Tractor Drawn Cultivator 6) To prevent surface evaporation
e) Trailed type cultivator and encourage rapid infiltration
water