Optical transmission overview

Contents

 SDH Overview
 DWDM Overview

2
 Limitations of PDH

 Interface
 Electrical interfaces

There are only regional standards, instead of universal standards
 Optical interfaces

No unified standards for optical line equipments, manufacturers develop
equipment according to their own standards.

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 Limitations of PDH

Japanese Series North American Series European Series

1.6Gb/s 565Mb/s
×4 ×4
400Mb/s 274Mb/s 139Mb/s
×4 ×4
100Mb/s ×6 34Mb/s
×3 ×4
×3 8Mb/s
32Mb/s 45Mb/s
×5 ×7
6.3Mb/s 6.3Mb/s

×4 ×3 ×4
×4
1.5Mb/s 2Mb/s
×24 ×30

64Kb/s

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 Limitations of PDH

 Multiplexing Method
 Asynchronous Multiplexing
 Code rate justification is required for matching and accepting clock
difference.
 The locations of the low-rate signals in high-rate signals are not regular nor
fixed.

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 Limitations of PDH

Adding and Dropping in PDH

Optical/Electrical Electrical/
140/34 Mb/s Optical
34/140Mb/
s

34/8 Mb/s 8/34

Mb/s

demultipexing
multiplexing
8/2 Mb/s 2/8 Mb/s

2 Mb/s

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 Limitations of PDH

 Operation and Maintenance

 PDH signal frame structure has very few overhead bytes for Operation,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM).

 Network Management Interface

 No universal network management interface for PDH network.

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 Advantages of SDH over PDH

 Definition of SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy):

 SDH defines the frame structure, multiplexing method, transmission rate, and
interface code pattern

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 Advantages of SDH over PDH

 Interface
 Electrical interfaces

SDH provides a set of standard rate levels----STM-N.

(N= 4n =1, 4, 16, 64……).

The basic signal transmission structure level is STM-1, at a rate of 155Mb/s.
 Optical interfaces

Optical interfaces adopt universal standards. Line coding of SDH signals involves
scrambling, instead of inserting redundancy codes.

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 Advantages of SDH over PDH

 Multiplexing Method
 low-rate SDH signals → high-rate SDH
 Signals via byte interleaved multiplexing method

 PDH signals → SDH

 Synchronous multiplexing method and flexible mapping structure

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 Advantages of SDH over PDH

 Operation and Maintenance

 Abundant overhead bits are used for OAM.
 Unnecessary to add redundancy bits to monitor line performance during line
coding.

 Compatibility
 SDH network and the existing PDH network can work together.
 SDH network can accommodate the signals of other hierarchies such as ATM,
FDDI, and Ethernet.

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 SDH Frame Structure

9×270×N Bytes

1
SOH
Transmission Direction
3
4 AU PTR STM-N Payload
5 (including POH)
SOH

9
9×N 261×N
270×N

 Byte-oriented block structure

 Frame transmission rate: 125µs (8000 frames/sec)
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 SDH Network
 The SDH based multi-service node equipment of ZTE provides all applications at the
core layer, convergence layer and access layer, and provides users with future-oriented
integrated solutions for the metropolitan area network (MAN).
 ZXMP S385 is a multi-service node equipment with the highest transmission rate of
10Gbit/s. It can apply to the long-haul backbone transmission network, regional
backbone transmission network, and metropolitan area transmission network .

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 Common NES in SDH Network

 Terminal Multiplexer (TM)

 multiplexes PDH/SDH tributary signals to SDH line signals in a chain network,
or drops low-speed tributary signals from STM line signals

OAM
Line
signals
TM
STM-N

PDH/SDH tributary signals

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 Common NES in SDH Network

 Add/Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

 set at the transition office in a network for adding/dropping circuits directly.

OAM
Line signals (W) Line signals (E)

ADM
STM-N STM-N

PDH/SDH tributary signals

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 Common NES in SDH Network

 Regenerator (REG)
 set at the transition office in a network for extending transmission distance,
but unable to add/drop circuits.

OAM
Line signals (W) Line signals (E)

REG
STM-N STM-N

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 Common NES in SDH Network

 Digital Cross-Connect Equipment (DXC)

 combines the functions of synchronous multiplexing, adding/dropping, cross
connection, automatic restoration and protection of network, etc.

SDH tributary
signals

STM-N DXC STM-N

PDH tributary signals

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 Basic Topology

 Chain Network

TM ADM REG ADM TM

 Tree Network

TM ADM REG ADM TM

ADM

TM

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 Basic Topology

 Ring Network

ADM

ADM ADM

ADM

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 Basic Topology

 Mesh Network

ADM ADM

ADM ADM

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 Complex Network

TM

TM
ADM

TM DXC REG ADM TM

ADM
TM

TM

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Contents

 SDH Overview
 DWDM Overview

22
 WDM Definition & Relationship with Other
Services
 WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing )
technology is a fiber communication
technology transmitting multiple optical
carriers with information on one fiber.

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 DWDM Features

 Large transparent transmission capacity greatly saves fiber resources.

 Each wavelength can carry different signal: SDH 2.5Gbps, 10 Gbps, ATM, IP, etc.
 Through super-long distance transmission technologies, the transmission cost is
reduced.

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 WDM Classification

 CWDM: Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing

 DWDM : Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

DWDM

O-Band E-Band S-Band C-BandL-Band

129013101330135013801400 14201440 1470 1490151015301550157015901610

(nm)

CWDM

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 DWDM System

Optical Transmitter OLA Optical Receiver

Ch 1 λ1 λ1 Ch 1
OTU1
OTU1 OMU OTU1
OTU1
Input

ODU
┇ ┇ Output
BA LA PA
Ch N λs λs λs λs Ch N
OTUn
OTUn OTUn
OTUn
λn λn

SC

SC SC

EMS

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 Common NE in DWDM System
Client side Line side

λ1
λn

λ1 Line side Line side

λn

OTM
λ1 λn λ1 λn
Line side Line side
Client side

OADM

OLA

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 DWDM Development Trend

Large Sustainable
Intelligent
Capacity

 From 10G to  Optical /

400G Electrical layer
 FOADM / protection
 Multi-
ROADM
Services  Equipment
access (SDH,  WASON protection
Ethernet, Control plane
ATM, POS  WASON
etc) protection

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Thank you