Chapter-3

Artificial Intelligence(AI)

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Points to be covered under this topics are:

 Definitions of AI

 Identify Need and Goal of Artificial Intelligence

 Differentiate Advantages and Disadvantages of AI

 Explain types and approaches of AI

 Describe Applications of AI

 Identify AI tools & platforms

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What is
AI?

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 What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Artificial Intelligence is composed of two words Artificial and Intelligence.

 Artificial defines "man-made," and intelligence defines "thinking power", or “the ability to
learn and solve problems” so Artificial Intelligence means "a man-made thinking power."

 So, we can define Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the branch of computer science by which
we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and
able to make decisions.

 It is also the power of a machine to copy and learn from intelligent human behavior.

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 What is Artificial Intelligence?

 Artificial Intelligence is the development of computer

systems that are able to perform tasks that would require
human intelligence.

 Examples of these tasks are visual perception, speech

recognition, decision-making, and translation between
languages.

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 cont...
 Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge. Knowledge is the
information acquired through experience. Experience is the knowledge gained through
exposure (training). Summing the terms up, we get AI.

Intelligence is composed of:

 Reasoning
 Learning
 Problem Solving
 Perception
 Linguistic Intelligence

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cont. ..

 AI system is composed of an agent and its environment.

 An agent (e.g., human or robot) is anything that can perceive its environment through
sensors and acts upon that environment through effectors.

 Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras,
microphones, sensors, etc.) to deduce aspects of the world.

 Intelligent agents must be able to set goals and achieve them.

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cont. ..

 AI is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent

computer programs. Those intelligent machines can behave like a human, think like
humans, and able to make decisions.

 Machine Learning is an advanced form of AI where the machine can learn as it goes
rather than having every action programmed by humans.

 The term machine learning was introduced by Arthur Samuel in 1959.

 Neural networks are biologically inspired networks that extract features from the data in
a hierarchical fashion. The field of neural networks with several hidden layers is called
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 Real Life AI Examples

Examples:-

 Self Driving Cars

 ASIMO

 Chatbots

 Playing Games

 Search Engines

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 Other Examples of AI

 Autonomous Vehicles (Such As  Search Engines (Such As Google

Drones And Self-driving Cars), Search),

 Proving Mathematical Theorems,  Image Recognition In Photographs,

 Prediction Of Judicial Decisions And
 Playing Games (like Chess),
Targeting
 Spam Filtering,
 Online assistants (such as Siri)

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 Generally AI is:

 Systems that Think like Humans.

 Systems that Act like Humans.

 Systems that Think Rationally.

 Systems that Act Rationally.

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 Need and Goal of Artificial Intelligence
 AI needed for the following :  Following are the main goals of AI:

 To create expert systems that 1. Replicate human intelligence

exhibit intelligent behavior with 2. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
the capability to learn, explain and 3. An Int’ connection of perception and action
advice its users.
4. Building a machine which can perform tasks
 Helping machines, find solutions requires HI. like Playing chess ,Plan some surgical
to complex problems like humans operation.
do and applying them as 5. Creating some system which can exhibit Int’
algorithms in a computer-friendly behavior, learn new things by itself, explain, and
manner. can advise to its user.
What Comprises to Artificial Intelligence

AI is not just a part of computer  To achieve the factors, AI requires the following

science even it's so vast and disciplines:

requires lots of other factors that  Mathematics

can contribute to it.  Biology

 Intelligence is an intangible part of  Psychology

our brain which is a combination of Computer Science

Reasoning, learning, problem-  Neurons Study

solving, perception, language

 Statistics
understanding, etc.
 Advantages AI
 High Accuracy with fewer errors:- AI machines are prone to fewer errors and high accuracy as it
takes decisions as per pre-experience.

 High-Speed:- AI systems can be of very high-speed and fast-decision making, because of that AI
systems can beat a chess champion in the Chess game.

 High reliability:- can perform the same action multiple times with high accuracy.

 Digital Assistant:- AI technology is currently used by various E-commerce websites to show the
products as per customer requirements.

 Useful as a public utility:- AI can be very useful for public utilities such as a self driving car which
can make our journey safer and hassle-free, facial recognition for security purposes, Natural
language processing (for spelling checker, for assistant like Siri, for translation like google translate).
 Dis advantages of AI
 High Cost:- The hardware and software requirement of AI is very costly as it requires lots of
maintenance to meet current world requirements.

 Can't think out of the box:- the robot will only do work for they are trained, or programmed.

 No feelings and emotions:- it don’t have feeling so it cannot make any kind of emotional
attachment with humans, and sometime be harmful for users if the proper care is not taken.

 Increase dependence on machines:- getting more dependent on devices and hence they are
losing their mental capabilities.

 No Original Creativity:- As humans are so creative and can imagine some new ideas but still
AI machines cannot beat this power of human intelligence and cannot be creative and
imaginative.
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 History of AI

Reading Assignment

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 Levels of AI
Stage 1: Rule based systems

 Common uses of AI today fit in this bracket, covering everything from business
software (Robotic Process Automation) and domestic appliances to aircraft
autopilots..

Stage 2: Context awareness and retention

 Algorithms that develop information about the specific domain they are being
applied in.

 Trained on the knowledge and experience of the best humans, and their knowledge
base can be updated as new situations and queries arise. Well, known applications of
this level are chatbots.
 Cont…

Stage 3: Domain-specific expertise

 Give a set of learn rule and Build up expertise in a specific context taking in
massive volumes of information which they can use for decision making.

 Successful use cases have been seen in cancer diagnosis the well-known and
Google Deepmind’s AlphaGo.

Stage 4: Reasoning machines (Theory of Mind)

 Have some ability to attribute mental states to themselves and others.

 Have a sense of beliefs, intentions, knowledge, and how their own logic works.
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 Cont…

Stage 5: Self aware systems /Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

 Have human-like intelligence.

 No such use is in evidence today.

Stage 6: Artificial super intelligence (ASI)

 Difficult for humans to articulate what the capabilities might be, yet

 Capability of out perform smarter of human in every domain.

Stage 7: Singularity and transcendence

 Development of ASI leads to massive expansion of human intelligence

 Connect human to planet, animal, weather system.

 Types of AI
 There are mainly two types of the main categorization which are based on capabilities
and based on functionally of AI.

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 Type 1: Based on Capabilities
Weak AI or Narrow AI
 Able to perform a dedicated or specific tasks with intelligence.
 Cannot perform beyond its field or limitation, as it is only trained for one specific task.
 Examples of Narrow AI are Google translate, playing chess, self-driving cars etc.
General AI
 Could perform any intellectual multi tasks with efficiency like a human.
 Currently, there is no such system exists which could come under general AI and can
perform any task as perfect as a human.
Super (Strong) AI
 Machine surpass human intelligence and can perform any tasks better than human with
cognitive properties
 Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence.
 Type 2 Based on Functionality
Reactive Machines
 Focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action.

 Such AI systems do not store memories or past experiences for future actions.
 These machines only focus on current scenarios and react on it as per possible best action
like IBM's Deep Blue.

Limited Memory
 Store past experiences or some data for a short period of time.

 These machines can use stored data for a limited time period only.

 Like Self-driving cars, these cars can store the recent speed of nearby cars, the distance of
 Cont..
Theory of Mind
 Theory of Mind AI Should understand human emotions, people, beliefs, and be able to
interact socially like humans.

 This type of AI machines is still not developed, but researchers are making lots of
efforts and improvement for developing such AI machines

Self-Awareness
 These machines will be super intelligent and will have their own consciousness,
sentiments, and self-awareness.

 These machines will be smarter than the human mind.

 Influencers of Artificial Intelligence

Some of the influencers of AI are:-

 Big data: Structured data versus unstructured data

 Advancements in computer processing speed and new chip architectures

 Cloud computing and APIs

 The Emergence of data science

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 cont. ..

Big Data :- refers to huge amounts of data.

 It requires innovative forms of information processing to draw insights,

automate processes, and help decision making.

 It can be structured data that corresponds to a formal pattern, such as traditional

data sets and databases. semi-structured and unstructured formats, such as word-
processing documents, videos, images, audio, presentations, social media
interactions, streams, web pages.

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 cont. ..
 Advancements in computer processing speed and new chip architectures :- It
contribute to the rapid evolution of AI app. APIs enable software components to
communicate with each other easily.

 Cloud computing is a general term that describes the delivery of on-demand services,
usually through the internet, on a pay-per-use basis.

 Companies worldwide offer their services to customers over cloud platforms.

 Those services might be data analysis, social media, video storage, e-

commerce.

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Cont..
 The Emergence of Data Science

 The goal of data science is to extract knowledge or insights from data in

various forms.

 After you collect a large enough volume of data, patterns emerge. Then, data
scientists use learning algorithms on these patterns.

 Data science uses machine learning and AI to process big data.

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 Applications of AI
 It is becoming essential for today's time because it can solve complex problems in
an efficient way in multiple industries.

 It makes our daily life more comfortable and faster.

AI in agriculture ➢ AI in Gaming

AI in Healthcare ➢ AI in Data Security

AI in Education ➢AI in Social Media

 AI in Finance and E-commerce ➢ AI in Travel &Transport

AI in the Automotive Industry ➢ AI in Robotics etc..

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 AI Tools And Platforms

 AI platforms are defined as some sort of hardware architecture or software

framework (including application frameworks), that allows the software to run.

 It involves the use of machines to perform the tasks that are performed by human
beings.

 Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms provide users a tool kit to build intelligent
applications.

 Many tools are used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical
optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics.
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cont. ..
 Some of the tools used are :  Some of the platforms are :

 Search and optimization  Microsoft AZURE Machine Learning,

 Logic  Google Cloud Prediction API,

 Classifiers and statistical learning  IBM Watson,

methods  TensorFlow,
 Neural networks Wipro HOLMES,
 Control theory  API.AI,
 Languages  Premonition, etc.
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 Sample AI Application
III. Social Networking
I. Commuting
 Facebook
 Google’s AI-Powered Predictions Instagram
 Ridesharing Apps Like Uber and Lyft  Snapchat
IV. Online Shopping
 Commercial Flights Use an AI Autopilot
 Search
II. Email  Recommendations
 Spam Filters V. Mobile Use
 Voice-to-Tex
 Smart Email Categorization  Smart Personal Assistants

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 Introduction to Emerging Technology Assignment
Assignment One (Individual)
 Discuss in detail about Robotic Process Automation (RPA) and Block chain with its
Application? Maximum 7 pages without cover page.
Use Gmail:-rahel16girma@gmail.com
All students must be use their own email
Deadline:-14/03/2015 E

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THANK YOU!!!
Questions ???
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