T.H.

MARSHALL

CITIZENSHIP
 CITIZENSHIP AS A SET OF
RIGHTS
• CIVIL RIGHTS (17th cent.): economic rights,
freedom of assembly, speech and thought,
justice, equality before the law
• POLITICAL RIGHTS (18th cent.): representative
democracy. Voting in free elections for a
member of the parliament -male and female
franchise
• SOCIAL RIGHTS (19th cent.): welfare provision
for old age, disability, unemployment
 CRITICISMS
1. ETHNOCENTRIC: based on the British
experience
2. CITIZENSHIP is based on inclusion in one
national community (cosmopolitanism?)
3. RIGHT-WING THINKERS: rights are stressed
far too much while responsibilities are not
stressed enough
4. FEMINISTS: (Nancy Frazer)
the “contract-charity” connection