Presented By:

Maheen
Laiba Sanaullah
Mahnoor
Saima
Imama keyani

Submitted To: Mam zen

Arab
Introduction to the
India-Pakistan Water
Dispute
The longstanding dispute over the Indus River waters between India and
Pakistan has its origins in the 1947 Partition. Both countries lay claim to the
river's resources, which are crucial for their agricultural and economic
development.
Factors Leading to Conflict Over Water
Resources
Population Growth Climate Change Lack of Infrastructure
Increasing populations in both Unpredictable rainfall patterns
countries have raised demand and glacial melt have reduced Inadequate water storage and
for Indus River water, leading water supply, exacerbating distribution systems have
to tensions. resource scarcity. hindered equitable access and
sharing.
The India-Pakistan Water Dispute
1 Indus Water Treaty (1960)
The treaty allocated the Indus River's western tributaries to Pakistan and the eastern
tributaries to India.

2 Disputes and Accusations

Both sides have accused each other of violating the treaty and diverting more than
their fair share of water.

3 Unresolved Tensions
Despite the treaty, disputes over the management and utilization of Indus River
waters continue to this day.
 Factors Worsening the Water Conflict
 Declining water levels  Reduction of available water from India’s Baglihar Dam
The water capacity in Pakistan has been Pakistan is of the opinion that
declining over the years and it poses a further reduction in water
threat to the survival of its population capacity can be attributed to
 Population growth and poor water storage
within the next decade. Pakistan had India’s construction of the
water crisis during 2009 due to the The Pakistani population is increasing Baglihar Dam
reduction of its water capacity. gradually and is set to reach 250 million
within the next decade. This is a huge
population which requires adequate
water to sustain its livelihood.
Potential for Armed Conflict
Terrorism
There are many terrorist groups
which operate in Pakistan and
some of these include Tehrek-e-
sahaba, Lashkar-e-Taiba and
Tehrek-e-taliban terrorist
groups
War
The conflict between Pakistan
and India over water resources
has been developing for a long
time.
Implications of the Conflict
1 Water conservation
Water is one of the most important resources
which India and Pakistan rely on in achieving
economic development.
2 Fight against terrorism
The Indian Prime Minister is of the opinion that the
best way to fight terrorism in the region is through
collaboration efforts between Indian and Pakistan.
Pathways for Cooperation

Dialogue Treaty Revisions Technological Solutions

Engaging in constructive dialogue Revisiting and updating the Indus Exploring joint technological
and negotiations to find mutually Water Treaty to address initiatives to improve water
acceptable solutions. contemporary challenges. management and conservation.
Geopolitical Implications
Influence in the Region The water dispute has become a proxy for the
larger geopolitical rivalry between India and
Pakistan, with both countries seeking to assert their
regional dominance.

Global Interventions The dispute has attracted the attention of global

powers, who have attempted to mediate and
influence the resolution of the conflict.

Environmental Impact The mismanagement of water resources due to the

conflict has led to environmental degradation, with
far-reaching consequences for the region.
Conclusion
Need for Cooperation
Resolving the India-Pakistan
water dispute will require a
shift towards cooperation and
shared interests, rather than
confrontation and zero-sum
thinking.
Regional Stability
Addressing the water conflict
is crucial for promoting
regional stability and
sustainable development in
South Asia.
Global Implications
The resolution of this dispute
could have far-reaching
implications for global water
governance and conflict
resolution efforts.