Presented By:

Maheen
Laiba Sanaullah
Mahnoor
Saima
Imama keyani

Submitted To: Mam zen

Arab
Introduction to the
India-Pakistan Water
Dispute
The longstanding dispute over the Indus River waters between India and
Pakistan has its origins in the 1947 Partition. Both countries lay claim to the
river's resources, which are crucial for their agricultural and economic
development.
Factors Leading to Conflict Over Water
Resources
Population Growth Climate Change Lack of Infrastructure
Increasing populations in both Unpredictable rainfall patterns
countries have raised demand and glacial melt have reduced Inadequate water storage and
for Indus River water, leading water supply, exacerbating distribution systems have
to tensions. resource scarcity. hindered equitable access and
sharing.
The India-Pakistan Water Dispute
1 Indus Water Treaty (1960)
The treaty allocated the Indus River's western tributaries to Pakistan and the eastern
tributaries to India.

2 Disputes and Accusations

Both sides have accused each other of violating the treaty and diverting more than
their fair share of water.

3 Unresolved Tensions
Despite the treaty, disputes over the management and utilization of Indus River
waters continue to this day.
Factors Worsening the Water Conflict
Geopolitical Tensions Lack of Trust Domestic Politics

The longstanding political and Mistrust and suspicion between Nationalist narratives and
military rivalry between India the two countries have hindered political compulsions in both
and Pakistan has exacerbated the effective cooperation and countries have made the water
water dispute. conflict resolution. issue a sensitive topic.
Potential for Armed Conflict

Water Scarcity Nationalist Rhetoric Lack of Dialogue

Increasing water scarcity due to Nationalist narratives and Failure to engage in meaningful
climate change and population rhetoric could escalate the dialogue and conflict resolution
growth could heighten tensions. dispute and lead to armed could result in the dispute
confrontation. spiraling out of control.
Implications of the Conflict
1 Economic Development
The dispute has hindered the economic
development of both countries,
particularly in the agriculture and
energy sectors.
2 Regional Stability
The water conflict has contributed to
regional tensions and instability,
hampering cooperation on other issues.

3 Environmental Concerns
Unsustainable water management practices have led to environmental degradation and
resource depletion.
Pathways for Cooperation

Dialogue Treaty Revisions Technological Solutions

Engaging in constructive dialogue Revisiting and updating the Indus Exploring joint technological
and negotiations to find mutually Water Treaty to address initiatives to improve water
acceptable solutions. contemporary challenges. management and conservation.
Geopolitical Implications
Influence in the Region The water dispute has become a proxy for the
larger geopolitical rivalry between India and
Pakistan, with both countries seeking to assert their
regional dominance.

Global Interventions The dispute has attracted the attention of global

powers, who have attempted to mediate and
influence the resolution of the conflict.

Environmental Impact The mismanagement of water resources due to the

conflict has led to environmental degradation, with
far-reaching consequences for the region.
Conclusion
Need for Cooperation
Resolving the India-Pakistan
water dispute will require a
shift towards cooperation and
shared interests, rather than
confrontation and zero-sum
thinking.
Regional Stability
Addressing the water conflict
is crucial for promoting
regional stability and
sustainable development in
South Asia.
Global Implications
The resolution of this dispute
could have far-reaching
implications for global water
governance and conflict
resolution efforts.