Circular Debt in

Energy Sector
Here is where your presentation begins
 01
Understanding
Circular Debt

Muhammad Ahmad
• Circular debt involves a chain of debt obligations
within a sector, commonly seen in industries like
energy or utilities.
• It occurs when entities in a supply chain can't pay
their debts because they aren't receiving the
payments owed to them.
• This creates a cascading effect of unpaid debts,
perpetuating a cycle of financial strain and
insolvency across the supply chain.

Circular Debt in Pakistan's
Energy Sector
• Circular debt in Pakistan's energy sector begins with
the Central Power Purchasing Agency (CPPA)
facing payment shortfalls from power distribution
companies (DISCOs) and K-Electric (K-El).
• The shortfall results from unpaid government
subsidies and inefficiencies in collecting
receivables.
• As a consequence, the CPPA cannot pay state-
owned generation companies (GENCOs),
Independent Power Producers (IPPs), and the
National Transmission and Dispatch Company
(NTDC).
• This leads to these entities struggling to pay their
fuel suppliers, causing defaults that affect refineries
and international fuel providers.
• Government of Pakistan Federal and Provincial Governments
i.e. Ministry of Energy (Power Division)
• Public Sector Entities such as the Pakistan Electric Power
Company (PEPCO), Water and Power Development Authority
(WAPDA), National Transmission and Dispatch Company (NTDC),
and various regional Distribution Companies (DISCOs) manage
power generation and distribution. Key DISCOs include LESCO, Key Stakeholders
KE, IESCO, PESCO, QESCO, MEPCO, HESCO, SEPCO, FESCO,
and TESCO.
Involved
• Independent Power Producers (IPPs)
• Fuel Supplying Companies (PSO) (SNGPL)
• Consumers (Households) (Commercial and Industrial Sector)
(Agriculture Sector)
 SAFA QUAID

05
Challenges
and barriers
 CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS
Lack of
Political and Resistance Financial and
institutional
regulatory from investment
High capital capacity and
interference stakeholders requirements
Political Consumer and coordination
Institutional
interference resistance investment weaknesses
needs
Poor
Regulatory Limited
Institutional coordination
inefficiencie access to
resistance among
s finance
agencies
Independent
power
producers
Energy
sector
employees
and unions
 MYDA KAMRAN

06
SOLUTION
S
 Repairing the system
• System is damaged but not beyond
repair

• A decade or two can transform the fate

of energy sector

• Integrated approach
 Ministry of Actors GENCOs &
DISCOs
Energy Involved
d Manager
IPPs
Ministry of Power

NTDC

Ministry of Planning
& Development & PEPCO
Special Initiatives
 Educating the
population
Technological Ensuring taxation to
Advancements reduce tax dodging

SOLUTIONS
Improving performance of Terminating subsidies
DISCOs on electricity
Stronger reforms
 TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENTS

01 02 03
Smart Metering Reducing Reliance on Reducing Theft
• Prevent energy losses Imported Fuels • Replacing bare conductor
• In-built prepaid billing wires with hooking-resistant
option • Indigenous energy resources - ones
> Thar coal (100 GW)
• Renewable Energy
 IMPROVING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF
DISCOs

01 02 03
Reduce Distribution De-centralization Dividing DISCOs
Losses • Municipality model • Increased bill recovery
• Prevent energy losses • Co-operation model • Reduced AT&C losses
• In-built prepaid billing • Managerial model • Easily manageable
option
CONCLUSION

Major Challange Integrated approach

Breaking the Vicious Cycle Substantial growth in a decade or

two
THANK
YOU
Market size 20%
Saturn

20%
Neptune

5%
Mercury
55%
Jupiter
 Our company
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar System
—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon.
The planet’s name has nothing to do
with the liquid metal, since it was named
Your Logo after the Roman messenger god
Get to know us
better

Mars Jupiter Neptune

Despite being red, Mars is Jupiter is the biggest planet Neptune is the farthest
actually a very cold place in the Solar System planet from the Sun

Venus Earth Mercury

Venus is the second planet Earth is the third planet from It’s the closest planet to the
from the Sun the Sun and has life Sun and the smallest one
Our history

Jupiter Venus Saturn Mars

Jupiter is a gas giant and also Venus has a beautiful name, Saturn is composed mostly of Despite being red, Mars is a
the biggest planet but also high temperatures hydrogen and helium very cold place
Problem
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only
a bit larger than the Moon. The planet’s name
has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since it
was named after the Roman messenger god
Solution
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even
hotter than Mercury—and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous. It’s the second-brightest
natural object in the night sky after the Moon
 Them
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only
a bit larger than the Moon. The planet’s name
has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since
it was named after the Roman messenger
god, Mercury
Us
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even
hotter than Mercury—and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous. It’s the second-
brightest natural object in the night sky after
the Moon
Locations

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Mars
Mars is actually a very
cold place
 02
Market
analysis and
competition
Target
Average spend per
customer

Gender $20,000

Male

Female
Interests

Age Interest 1 Interest 3

Interest 2 Interest 4
40% 60%
31-45 46-60
Market share

Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and also the biggest
planet in the Solar System

10% 25% Venus

Venus has a beautiful name, but it’s terribly
hot, even hotter than Mercury

15% 50% Mars

Despite being red, Mars is a cold place. It’s
full of iron oxide dust

Saturn
Saturn is a gas giant, composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium
Competition
analysis

Jupiter Mars Venus Mercury

Competitor 1 Yes Yes

Competitor 2 Yes

Competitor 3 Yes
A picture is worth a thousand words
03 Sales and
marketing plan
Our services

Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest planet Venus has a beautiful name,
to the Sun but also high temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
It’s the biggest planet in the Saturn is a gas giant and has
Solar System several rings
Break-even
analysis High profit
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

Profit
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium

Break-even point
Jupiter is the biggest planet
in the Solar System

Loss
Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place

Big loss
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun
 Channel 2 Channel 4

Channel 1 Channel 3
148,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
Management
plan 04
Our team

Adelyn Keller
You can replace the
image on the screen
with your own

Mark Doe Charles Jones

You can replace the You can replace the
image on the screen image on the screen
with your own with your own
Organizational
chart
Employee 1
Employee 1
Employee 2 Team 1 Team 3

CEO

Employee 1
Employee 1
Team 2 Team 4
Employee 2
Awesome
words
05 Operating
plan
Sales funnel:
stages

Engage
Mars is actually a cold place

Capture
Saturn has a lot of rings

Close
Venus has a beautiful name

Grow
Neptune is far away from us
Schedule

Mars
Mars is actually a very
cold place
Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
Saturn
1 2 05
It’s composed of
hydrogen and helium
06 07 08 09 10 11 12
Venus
Venus is the second 13 17 18 19
planet from the Sun

20 21 22 23 26
Neptune
It’s the farthest planet
from the Sun 27 29 30 31
Our process

Step 1
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Step 2
Despite being red, Mars is
a cold place

Step 3
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Step 4
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium

Step 5
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun
Financial plan 06
 “This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired”

—Someone Famous
Predicted
growth

$150M $75M
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the Venus has a
smallest planet in beautiful name, but
the Solar System it’s terribly hot

50% 25%
Saturn Neptune
Saturn is composed Neptune is the
mostly of hydrogen farthest planet from
and helium the Sun
Balance sheet

Assets Liabilities Equity

What the What the Difference
company owns company owes between both

1M 300K 700K
Impact of risks

Mars Mercury
14,800
Total budget

75% 25%
Mars Mercury
It’s actually a cold place. It’s the closest planet to
It’s full of iron oxide dust the Sun and the smallest
Conclusions

Mars Jupiter Saturn

Despite being red, Mars It’s the biggest planet in Saturn is a gas giant and
is actually a cold place the Solar System has several rings
 07
Executive summary
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Our team

John Doe Jenna Smith Susan Bones Jimmy Timmy

You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about You can speak a bit about
this person here this person here this person here this person here
Our services

Jupiter Earth
Jupiter is the biggest Earth is the third planet
planet of them all from the Sun

Neptune Saturn
It’s the farthest planet Saturn is a gas giant
from the Sun and has several rings

Mars Mercury
Despite being red, Mars Mercury is the closest
is a cold place planet to the Sun
 08Company
description
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
About our company

Do you know what helps you make your point

clear? Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● Organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t

miss the point of your presentation
Reviews

Timmy Jimmy John James

“Jupiter is a gas giant and the “Saturn is a gas giant and has
biggest planet of them all” several rings”

Jenna Doe Helena Patterson Susan Bones

“Despite being red, Mars is “Earth is the third planet from “Venus has a beautiful name, but
actually a cold place” the Sun and harbors life” also high temperatures”
Awards

2016 Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

2018 Mars
Mars is actually a cold place

2020 Jupiter
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet

2022 Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun
09
Request for
funding
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
Our budget

50% 10% 40%

Mercury Venus Mars

It’s the closest planet to Venus is the second It’s actually a cold place.
the Sun and the smallest planet from the Sun It’s full of iron oxide dust
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“Venus is the
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second planet from
farthest-known giant and has
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planet from the Sun” several rings”
terribly hot”

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