e-LEARNING FROM HOME

SUBJECT:-COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL
COMPUTER AND ITS INTRODUCTION
Definition:-
A computer is an electronic device which receives the data
from the user as input, process it & give the results as an output. User can
store the result or send from one place to another between more than one
user.
Block Diagram:-

ALU
Input CU Output

MU

Input Deceives:- mouse, keyboard, joystick, barcode reader etc.

Output Devices:- monitor, projector, speaker, headphone etc.
What is CPU(central processing unit):-
 It is known as the brain of the computer which Is used for process the input
data provided by the user to the computer system.
 Before process the input is known as the raw data, but after process it is
known as information.
 The CPU consist of three component i-e
a. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)
b. CU(Control Unit)
c. MU(Memory Unit)

ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit):-

It is responsible for Arithmetic and logical
operations. Ex. Add, Sub , Mul , Div(Arithmetic) Compare, Bitwise Operator,
And, Or etc.(Logical)
 CU (Control Unit):-
It is responsible for controlling all the activities whatever
is running in to the system. It controls every thing by generating the control
signals.

MU(Memory Unit):-
It is responsible for storing the data whether it is inside or
outside of the system. It has following two types i-e Primary memory,
Secondary Memory
Memory

Primary memory Secondary Memory

RAM, ROM DISK, PENDRIVE, HARD

DISK
 RAM(Random Access Memory)

Static RAM Dynamic RAM

ROM(Read Only Memory)

P ROM EP ROM EEP ROM

Characteristics of Computer
 The computer has many characteristics which is mention below
a. Speed
b. Accuracy
c. Versatility
d. Power of Remembering
e. No feeling
f. No IQ
g. Storage
History of computer
 The first computer system was Abacus(counting device)

 Napier Bones(multiplication)

 Pascaline(1st adding device)

 Analytical Engine(1st General purpose computer)

 Tabulating Machine(1st Electro mechanical machine)

 ENIAC(1st digital computer)

 EDSAC(1st computer with storage)

 UNIVAC(General Purpose Electricity)

Generations of Computer
1st Generation(1940-56)- Made of Vacuum Tubes
Ex- Mark1,ENIAC

2nd Generation(1956-63)- Made of Transistors

Ex- IBM 1401
3rd Generation(1963-71)- Made of IC
Ex- FORTRAN,COBOL

4th Generation(1971-present)- Made of VLSI

Ex- Machine tosh

5th Generations- Parallel processing(Made of SLSI)

EX- AI, Robotics
 Classification of Computer
 The Computer are classified on three basis which is mention below.

Classification of computer

On the basis of size On the basis of On the basis of

work purpose

Mini computer Analog Computer

General purpose
Micro computer
Digital computer Special purpose
Main Frame
computer
Hybrid Computer
Super computer
 Computer Operations/Processor Operations
 There are multiple operations performed by the computer/processors.

a. Instruction fetch

b. Instruction Decode

c. Instruction Execute

d. Instruction Store

e. Read and Write operation

Components of PC

There are five classic components are discussed below

a. Data path:- through which data is coming to the system.

b. Control:- generate control signals to maintain the system under control.

c. Memory:- use to store the data.

d. Input:- External devices to provide instruction to the system.

e. Output:- Devices use to store the results.

System Unit
 It is all about to study of the CPU and its Front Part and Back Part. Go
through page number 37,40,41 in your book(M.P Singh) and see the
diagram and copy it in your note book.