Management: Science, Theory

and Practice
Defining Organisation and Management

• Organisation is defined as a group of people

working together to create a surplus.
• Management is the process of designing and
maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working together in groups,
efficiently accomplish selected aims.
• Management is the art of getting things done

• Management is concerned with group of people

working together making it a continuous process

• Management as a group of managers

• Management as a discipline
 Nature / Feature
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• Goal oriented
• Economic resource
• Distinct process
• Integrative force- Synergy
• Intangible force
• Results through others
• Universal application
 Management Science or an Art?
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notes list
 Management as Science
• Scientifically developed (Using Scientific
techniques) and Universally accepted
• Researchers have verified cause and effect
relationships pertaining to human behaviour
• It is not a perfect Science but falls in the area of
Social Sciences
• It is a Behavioural Science
 Management as an Art -HOW
• Art of getting things done in dynamic and non-repetitive
situations
• Classroom lesson-X
• Involves the use of Know how and skills

• Directed towards accomplishment of concrete results –

Implementing the knowledge
• It is creative in nature

• It is personalized –there is no best management

 Managing: Science or Art?
• Art
– Know-how
– Practice
• Science
– Knowledge
– Theory
 Management is both Science and Art
• It has an organized body of knowledge but requires
necessary skills on the part of the manager
• Science provides the knowledge about certain
things and Art teaches to do certain things by the
application of knowledge and skills

A manager should be an Applied Scientist

 Managerial Roles- Study from Text book
Interpersonal roles
– Figurehead- Ceremonial duties
– Leader- Motivate and encourage
– Liason- In a business context, "liaison" refers to
the communication and coordination between
different individuals, departments, teams, or
organizations to facilitate smooth operations,
collaboration, and the exchange of information.
Informational roles
– Monitor
– Disseminator
– Spokesperson
3. Decision roles
– Entrepreneur
– Disturbance handler
– Resource allocation
– Negotiator