Iron and Steel Industries

Geography | Manufacturing Industries
Iron and Steel

Industry
Presentation by,
Tanmay G T
10th C
Vidyaniketan Public School
PRESENTATION BY TANMAY 1
CONTENTS 1 Introduction to Iron and Steel Industries
2 Location of Iron and Steel Industries in India
3 Process of steel manufacture
4 Comparison of steel productivity: India vs China
5 Challenges to Iron and Steel Industry
6 VISL – A bird’s view

7 Summary
1 Introduction to Iron and Steel Industries
 Iron and steel industry is a mineral based industry.
Type of  It is a heavy industry because all raw materials and
Industry finished goods are heavy and bulky.
 It is a large scale industry as high capital is invested.
Importance
 It is a basic industry as steel is used as a raw
material for other industries.
Raw
materials
Type of Production and consumption of steel is regarded

Industry as the index of a country’s development.
Importance  Production of steel reflects the  Steel is required to

industrial economic condition manufacture a variety
of the country. of consumer goods,
Raw  Steel is used as a raw material like bicycles, fans etc.
materials for making industrial
machinery, electrical
machinery, defence equipment.
FACT
Hematite
FILE and
Type of  Iron ore magnetite are
Industry the most used
iron ores for
Importance steel making.
 Limestone
Raw
materials
 Coking coal
2 Location of Iron and Steel Industries
Factors Chota Nagpur plateau in India has the highest concentration
affecting the of iron and steel industries owing to these factors.
location
1. Low cost of iron ore
Regions in
India Chota Nagpur plateau is rich in iron
deposits and there are a lot of iron
mines in this region
Locating an industry here will help
to reduce transportation cost of iron
ore to the industry.
location
2. Closer proximity of raw materials.
Regions in
India Other important raw materials such as coking coal and
limestone are easily available in and around the region.
location
3. Availability of cheap labour
Regions in
India Cheap labour is available in states of Chota Nagpur plateau such
as Bihar, Jharkhand and Odisha.
location
4. Transport network & ports
Regions in
India • Chota Nagpur plateau is well
connected with roadways and
railways that help in quicker export
of finished goods.
• Kolkata, a well developed port city, is
very close to this region, due to which
marine export becomes easier.
location
5. Closer proximity to markets
Regions in
India • There are many steel retailers in
Bihar and Jharkhand.
• If markets are near, the
transportation cost of finished goods
is reduced.
PRESENTATION BY TANMAY
Factors
affecting the
Durgapur
location
Regions in
India Bokaro
Jamshedpur
Bhilai
Visakhapatnam
Vijayanagar
Bhadravati
Salem
3 PROCESS OF STEEL MANUFACTURE
Transport of
Raw materials required for raw material
steel manufacture are Blast furnace
transported to the Pig iron
industry. Steel making
Shaping the
metal
Transport of
1. Iron ore is melted raw material
Blast furnace
Pig iron
2. Limestone is added.
Steel making
Shaping the
metal
3. Coking coal is burnt
to heat the ore
Transport of
raw material
Molten materials Blast furnace
are poured into Pig iron
moulds called
Steel making
pigs.
Shaping the
metal
Transport of
 Purification of pig iron raw material
Blast furnace
 Addition of nickel, chromium and
manganese. Pig iron
Steel making
Shaping the
metal
Transport of
After rolling, pressing raw material
and casting to shape Blast furnace
the metal, the process
of steel manufacture is Pig iron
completed. Fact file: Most of the Steel making
public sector industries
market their steel Shaping the
through Steel Authority metal
of India Limited (SAIL)
PROCESS OF STEEL
3 MANUFACTURE
Crude steel
production:
India vs China
Total production
of steel in India
Reasons why
China has higher
productivity.
Year Production (in metric tonnes) Crude steel

2011-12 75.70 production:
2012-13 81.68 India vs China
2013-14 87.67 Total production
2014-15 92.16 of steel in India
2015-16 91.00 Reasons why
2016-17 101.3 China has higher
2017-18 104.98 productivity.
2018-19 106.56
2019-20 59.73
 China imports large amount of coking coal from other
Crude steel
countries such as Australia and Mongolia. production:
 In India, no imports are made and locally available
India vs China
coal is used, which is scarce in quantity.
Total production
 Labourers in China are paid hourly wages, which start of steel in India
from $3 i.e. Rs. 220 per hour. (nearly 30k per month)
 In India, the wages given to labourers is extremely Reasons why
low, where a labourer gets approximately Rs. 3000 China has higher
every month. productivity.
 Hence, China has more productivity of steel than

India.
5 Challenges to Iron and Steel industry
High cost and limited

1 coking coal
Lower productivity of
2 labour
Irregular power
3 supply
Poor industrial
4 infrastructure
6 VISL – A brief outlook
Where is Visveswaraya Iron

and Steel Limited located?
Visveswaraya Iron and Steel

Limited is located in Bhadravati
in Karnataka.
Who built VISL?
Nalwadi Krishnaraja Odeyar established

VISL under the guidance of Sir M
Visvesvaraya.
Where are the raw materials obtained

from?
Raw materials are obtained from

Kemmannugundi and Baba Budan
Giri hills in Karnataka
Mysore Iron and Steel Mysore Iron and Steel Visvesvaraya Iron and
Works Limited Steel Limited
1939 1961 1975
This timeline depicts the

changing of the name of this
industry from 1939 to 1075
Main exports:
• Stainless Steel
• Pig iron
7 Summary
China is the world’s Steel manufacture:
Steel production reflects
largest producer as Raw materials are
the development of the
well as consumer of transported
country
steel. Blast Furnace
Steel used as raw Making of steel
material for other
Iron and Steel Shaping of metal.
industries. Industry
Challenges:
Factors affecting location: Mineral based High cost of coking coal
 Low cost of iron ore Large scale Low productivity of labour
 Raw materials Basic Irregular power supply
 Cheap labour Heavy
 Transport facilities Poor industrial
 Markets infrastructure
Thank you!

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Iron and Steel Industries

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Geography | Manufacturing Industries

Iron and Steel

6 VISL – A bird’s view

Type of Production and consumption of steel is regarded

Importance  Production of steel reflects the  Steel is required to

Year Production (in metric tonnes) Crude steel

 Hence, China has more productivity of steel than

High cost and limited

Where is Visveswaraya Iron

Visveswaraya Iron and Steel

Nalwadi Krishnaraja Odeyar established

Where are the raw materials obtained

Raw materials are obtained from

1939 1961 1975

This timeline depicts the

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