CHARACTERISTICS,

PROCESSES AND ETHICS OF

RESEARCH
 PROCESS OF RESEARCH

DEFINE REVIEW THE ASSUMPTIONS DESIGN COLLECT DATA

RESEARCH LITERATURE RESEARCH
PROBLEM

INTERPRET ANALYZE DATA

AND REPORT
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
1.The research should be systematic.
2.The research should be objective.
3.The research should be feasible.
4.The research should be empirical.
5.The research should be clear.
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
1. To gather necessary information
2. To improve standard of living
3. To have a safer life
4. To know the truth
5. To explore our history
6. To understand arts
 QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE
Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
Involves processes, feelings, and
Aims to characterize trends and motives (the why’s and the
patterns how’s) and produces in-depth
and holistic data
Usually starts with neither a
Usually concerned with
theory nor hypothesis about the
generating hypothesis from data
relationship between two or
rather than testing a hypothesis
more variables
Uses structured research
Uses either unstructured or semi-
instruments like questionnaires
 QUANTITATIVE VS QUALITATIVE
Quantitative Research
Uses large sample sizes that are
representatives of the population
Has high output replicability
Used to gain greater
understanding of group
similarities
Uses structured processes
Methods include census, survey,
experiments and secondary
Qualitative Research
Uses small sample sizes chosen
purposely
Has high validity
Used to gain greater
understanding of individual
differences in terms of feelings,
motives and experiences
Uses more flexible processes
Methods include field research,
case study and secondary